调理剂+淹水措施对Cd污染稻田控Cd效果分析

为探明淹水措施、基施湘润邦土壤调理剂、矿物硅肥+喷施叶面肥、石膏粉以及综合处理对不同污染土壤修复效果和作用机制,通过在3个不同类型Cd污染耕地布置小区试验,研究了单一处理及综合措施对阻控污染耕地稻米吸收累积Cd的影响.结果表明,淹水措施、单一施用调理剂、综合施用结合淹水处理能降低土壤有效态Cd和水稻各器官Cd含量,土壤有效态Cd降低6. 58%～30. 01%,糙米Cd含量降低12. 65%～68. 68%,降低效果为综合处理(T6)基施石膏粉(T5)基施湘润邦土壤调理剂(T3)矿物硅肥+喷施叶面肥(T4)淹水处理(T2)(以两季水稻糙米Cd含量降低效果平均值计算).试验中5个处理使水稻各部位富集系下降,是引起糙米Cd含量下降的主要原因之一.根据田间小区试验显示,基施湘润邦土壤调理剂、矿物硅肥+喷施叶面肥和石膏粉组配施用结合淹水措施可作为Cd污染耕地稻米Cd阻控的有效方法.     

HCHs and DDTs in salt marsh plants (Scirpus) from the Yangtze estuary and nearby coastal areas, China

HCHs and DDTs in salt marsh plants taken from intertidal flats in the Yangtze estuary and coastal area in April and July 2002 were determined by GC-ECD. A significant seasonal effect was observed for HCHs and DDTs in sources and concentration levels in different sample types including above-ground tissues and roots as well as the whole plants and rhizospheric sediments. The results indicated that the concentration of t-HCH was higher in the above-ground tissues than in their roots in April; however, the partitioning of DDTs between contaminated sediments and the roots showed the higher concentrations of t-DDT in their roots. HCHs and DDTs concentration levels were higher in above-ground tissues than in roots in July. BCFs of HCHs and DDTs exhibited lower values with higher levels of contaminants in sediments, and higher values with lower levels in sediments.     

Risk analysis in research environment – Part I: Modeling Lab Criticity Index using Improved Risk Priority Number

Current available risk analysis techniques are well adapted to industry needs since they were developed for its purpose. All hazards present in industry are also met in research/academia, although quantities of some hazardous substances are smaller. Still, because of its characteristics e.g., high turnover of collaborators, rapid reorientation of research programs, freedom of research, equipment often in development stage, difficulty to obtain accidents statistics, not well described processes, etc., research/academia milieu is an environment whose risks are difficult to assess by available risk analysis techniques. In the present paper, a new methodology, Laboratory Assessment and Risk Analysis – LARA, for research and/or complex environment is proposed. When multiple hazards are analyzed, the result of assessment is a risk ranking calculated using a Lab Criticity Index – LCI, providing identification of critical areas and prioritization of safety actions. LCI is conceived through two approaches: the Risk Priority Number – RPN and the Analytic Hierarchy Process – AHP. It is suggested to estimate risk as a combination of severity, probability, detectability, worsening factors and research specificities.     

不同生育期Cd胁迫对水稻生长及镉累积的影响

采用水培试验方法,从水稻移栽至某特定生育期之间添加外源镉(Cd),通过递推减法,研究了湘晚籼13号水稻不同生育期Cd胁迫对其生长和不同部位中Cd含量的影响.结果表明,50μg·L~(-1)外源Cd胁迫不会影响水稻的正常生长发育,糙米中的Cd主要来源于水稻分蘖期吸收的Cd在后期的迁移、灌浆期吸收的Cd和成熟期吸收的Cd,这3个关键生育期对糙米中最终Cd含量的贡献率分别为36.4%、18.2%和16.4%.因此,与灌浆期和成熟期相比,在水稻分蘖期采用一些植物阻隔技术可能对水稻籽粒中Cd含量的削减更为重要.     

环境监测中遥感技术的运用探究

目前,遥感技术已被广泛使用于大气污染、水污染、地面污染等环境污染的监测工作中,在环境检测工作中遥感技术有速度快、成本低、范围广、长期进行动态监测等优势。经过不断的发展遥感技术越来越新颖,有热红外遥感技术、微波遥感监测技术和可见光-反射红外遥感技术。     

珠三角夏秋季节大气颗粒物与碳黑气溶胶污染特征的研究

以珠三角地区4个区域监测站2012年夏秋季节监测结果为例,分析该地区不同粒径大气颗粒物（PM10／PM2．5／PM1）和碳黑气溶胶（BC）质量浓度的变化特征。结果显示,区域内不同站点之间或站点不同粒径颗粒物之间均有显著的相关性,该地区PM,和BC质量浓度约占PM2．5的70％和8．2％,PM1,约占PM10的68％。秋季污染天气中,PM1质量浓度的增长量大于其他粒径颗粒物的增长量。颗粒物浓度与大气能见度的影响分析显示,碳黑气溶胶质量浓度增大与能见度降低关系密切。     

Toward ecological function zoning and comparison to the Ecological Redline Policy: a case study in the Poyang Lake Region,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Faced with huge environmental problems of ecosystem degradation, “Ecological Redline Policy (ERP)” in China is a new key national-level...     

The impact of urbanization and consumption patterns on China’s black carbon emissions based on input–output analysis and structural decomposition analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Urbanization in China has dramatically increased from 39.10 in 2002 to 58.52% in 2017. Studies have discussed the impacts of urbanization and its...     

Do DOM optical parameters improve the prediction of copper availability in vineyard soils?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Accumulation of copper (Cu) in soils due to the application of fungicides may be toxic for organisms and hence affect winegrowing sustainability. Soil...