Ti-天然沸石的钛掺杂取代法制备、表征和光催化性能

以酸处理脱铝后信阳天然斜发沸石为载体,硫酸钛、钛酸正丁酯和四氯化钛为钛源,分别采用浸渍法和气相法制备出钛掺杂沸石光催化剂。采用X-射线衍射和傅立叶红外光谱分析了沸石酸处理及钛取代前后结构。结果表明,80℃下,4 mol/L盐酸处理10 h后沸石结构发生了显著变化,但仍保持Al-O-Si骨架结构。红外光谱结果证明Ti4+与沸石形成稳定的Ti-O-Si键。在以300 W紫外灯为光源进行罗丹明B脱色反应,考察了含钛沸石的光催化活性。初始浓度为80 mg/L,光照1.5 h后罗丹明B的去除率为98.18%。     

The short-term effect of cadmium on low molecular weight organic acid and amino acid exudation from mangrove (Kandelia obovata (S., L.) Yong) roots

The aim of this study was to evaluate short-term concentration and time effects of cadmium on Kandelia obovata (S., L.) Yong root exudation, thereby evaluating and predicting the ecophysiological effects of mangrove to heavy metals at the root level. Mature K. obovata propagules were cultivated in a sandy medium for 3 months, and then six concentrations of Cd (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg L^?1) were applied. After exposure time of 24 h and 7 days, respectively, the root exudates of K. obovata were collected and low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs) and amino acids of which were analyzed. In addition, we measured glutathione, soluble protein content, and Cd concentration in the plant. We found 10 and 15 types of LMWOAs and amino acids in root exudates of K. obovata with total concentrations ranging from 29.54 to 43.08 mg g^?1 dry weight (DW) roots and from 737.35 to 1,452.46 ng g^?1 DW roots, respectively. Both of them varied in quality and quantity under different Cd treatment strengths and exposure times. Oxalic, acetic, l-malic, tartaric acid, tyrosine, methionine, cysteine, isoleucine, and arginine were dominant. Both LMWOAs and amino acids excreted from K. obovata roots play a key role in Cd toxicity resistance. The responsiveness of amino acids was less than that of LMWOAs. We suggest that the ecological effect of root-excreted free amino acids in the rhizosphere is mainly based on the role of nutrients, supplemented with detoxification to heavy metals.     

CS-Fe和CS-Fe/Ni的制备及其用于去除钴离子

以氯化铁为铁源,硼氢化钠为还原剂,壳聚糖为稳定剂,采用液相还原法制备壳聚糖稳定纳米铁（CS-Fe）;并以氯化铁为铁源,硫酸镍为镍源,硼氢化钠为还原剂,壳聚糖为稳定剂,采用液相还原共沉淀法制备壳聚糖稳定纳米铁镍（CS-Fe/Ni）。通过SEM、EDS、XRD、FT-IR等表征手段,对所制备的CS-Fe和CS-Fe/Ni的形貌及微观结构进行表征,并以Co²⁺为目标去除物评价CS-Fe和CS-Fe/Ni的反应活性。初步研究表明,制成的CS-Fe含有单质纳米铁,颗粒多数以30~90 nm球形颗粒为主;而CS-Fe/Ni材料中含有纳米铁镍,颗粒多数以30~60 nm球形颗粒为主;在相同的实验条件下,反应60 min,CS-Fe/Ni对Co²⁺的去除率高达100%,但是CS-Fe仅为88%,即CS-Fe/Ni对Co²⁺的去除率比CS-Fe高。     

环境保护督察巡视:党政同责的顶层制度

环境保护督察巡视是党政同责的核心制度安排。本文从环保督察巡视与党政同责的关系与实践出发,认为该制度是从决策源头监督,既有法律依据,也有政策要求,其他部门的督察以及环保考核、约谈等实践为环保督察巡视积累了经验。从环保督察巡视制度的内涵与特征来看,该制度有明确的行动指南、统一的党政同责督察体系、较高的督察组权威、明确的巡视重点与突破方向等特点。最后,本文从理顺环境目标责任制度、制定督察实施细则、提升督察巡视权威性、开展第三方评估与社会监督等方面提出了政策建议。     

Application of integrated micro sensor in internal measurement of high temperature fuel cell

This study developed an integrated (flow, voltage, and temperature) micro sensor using the micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology. It was inserted into the high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell (HT-PEMFC) for local real-time measurement. The integrated micro sensor is made of 40 µm thick stainless steel base material, and its protective layer is formed by polyimide (PI) that has better temperature resistance. The integrated micro sensor has three functions, and is favorably characterized by small size, good acid resistance and temperature resistance, quick response, real-time measurement, and being able to be put in any place for measurement. After calibration, and its reliability confirmed, the integrated micro sensor is inserted into the HT-PEMFC for local microcosmic measurement.     

Levels, sources, and health risks of carbonyls in residential indoor air in Hangzhou, China

Concentrations of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, propionaldehyde, i-pentanal, and butyraldehyde in residential indoor air in Hangzhou were determined. The mean concentration of the total carbonyl compounds in summer was 222.6 μg/m³, higher than that in winter (68.5 μg/m³). The concentration of a specific carbonyl in indoor air was higher than the outdoor air measurement, indicating the release of carbonyls from the indoor sources. Formaldehyde and acetone were the most abundant carbonyls detected in summer and winter, respectively. Multiple regression analysis indicated that carbonyl concentrations in residential indoor air depended on the age of decoration and furniture, as well as their concentrations in outdoor air. In addition, a primary estimation showed that the health risks of carbonyls in summer were higher than those in winter.     

浙江省辐射环境监测现状及对策研究

辐射环境是生态环境的重要组成部分,核与辐射环境安全是国家环境安全的重要内容.详述了目前浙江省辐射环境监测网络的建设情况,以及对核设施、铀矿及伴生矿放射性污染源、核技术运用、电磁辐射环境、辐射应急等进行辐射环境监测的情况,分析了存在的主要问题,并提出了相应的对策,为浙江省辐射环境监管提供技术支撑和科学依据,同时也对全国辐射环境监测和管理具有积极的指导意义.     

3种复合铁基钝化剂对黔西南高砷土壤的修复效果研究

为研究不同复合铁基钝化剂对黔西南高砷(As)土壤修复效果,筛选出钝化土壤砷和抑制水稻籽粒砷富集效果较好的复合铁基钝化剂,以期为黔西南高砷背景土壤的修复和管理提供科学依据。本文以黔西南某矿区耕地高砷土壤为研究对象进行水稻盆栽实验,分析了3种市售复合铁基钝化剂(复合型铁基生物炭(A)、铁基生物炭(B)和铁基腐殖酸钾(C))在不同用量(0.67 g/kg、1.34 g/kg、2.68 g/kg、5.36 g/kg)下土壤有效态砷、土壤中砷的各种结合态以及水稻籽粒砷含量的变化。结果表明,三种复合铁基钝化剂的施加可不同程度的提高土壤pH和钝化土壤砷,其中钝化剂C在5.36 g/kg施用量下效果最好,钝化率为26.2%;各处理均使土壤砷的赋存形态发生一定的改变,均不同程度的降低了非专性吸附态、专性吸附态及无定形和弱结晶铁铝氧化物结合态的砷,其中钝化剂A和B主要是向结晶铁铝氧化物结合态砷转变,C处理主要向残渣态砷转变;各处理均显著抑制了水稻精米砷含量,相比对照组,复合钝化剂A在1.34 g/kg施用量下大米对As的富集作用最弱,降低率为48.6%;因为土壤砷钝化率不能完全表征水稻对砷的富集能力,其不...     

京杭大运河(杭州段)两侧浅层地下水中铁、锰含量偏高的成因分析

本研究以环境水文地球化学理论为基础并采用数理统计的方法,对研究区地下水样和土样的分析数据进行了处理。通过浸滤模拟试验、红外光谱和差热分析等实验手段,对京杭大运河(杭州段)两侧浅层地下水中铁、锰含量偏高的成因进行了探讨。结果表明,该区地下水中铁、锰主要来自含水粘性土层,本区还原的介质环境及特有的地质条件对铁、锰含量偏高有直接影响。     

3种复合铁基钝化剂对黔西南高砷土壤的修复效果研究

为研究不同复合铁基钝化剂对黔西南高砷(As)土壤修复效果,筛选出钝化土壤砷和抑制水稻籽粒砷富集效果较好的复合铁基钝化剂,以期为黔西南高砷背景土壤的修复和管理提供科学依据。本文以黔西南某矿区耕地高砷土壤为研究对象进行水稻盆栽实验,分析了3种市售复合铁基钝化剂(复合型铁基生物炭(A)、铁基生物炭(B)和铁基腐殖酸钾(C))在不同用量(0.67g/kg、1.34g/kg、2.68g/kg、5.36g/kg)下土壤有效态砷、土壤中砷的各种结合态以及水稻籽粒砷含量的变化。结果表明,三种复合铁基钝化剂的施加可不同程度的提高土壤pH和钝化土壤砷,其中钝化剂C在5.36g/kg施用量下效果最好,钝化率为26.2%;各处理均使土壤砷的赋存形态发生一定的改变,均不同程度的降低了非专性吸附态、专性吸附态及无定形和弱结晶铁铝氧化物结合态的砷,其中钝化剂A和B主要是向结晶铁铝氧化物结合态砷转变,C处理主要向残渣态砷转变;各处理均显著抑制了水稻精米砷含量,相比对照组,复合钝化剂A在1.34g/kg施用量下大米对As的富集作用最弱,降低率为48.6%;因为土壤砷钝化率不能完全表征水稻对砷的富集能力,其不宜作为土壤砷修复的唯一考察指标,因此土壤修复评估时应综合考虑土壤钝化率及水稻籽粒对砷累积的综合影响。