立体仓库故障自诊断研究

结合立体仓库结构特点 ,分析了立体仓库故障机理 ,构建了立体仓库故障自诊断系统的总体框架 ,并在分析研究其数据采集处理系统、实时监测控制系统及自诊断专家系统的基础上 ,运用VisualBasic6 0在Windows系统下 ,实现了立体仓库故障的自诊断功能     

±800kV输电线路带电作业绝缘平梯的设计与应用

针对±800kV直流输电线路带电检修作业中耐张绝缘子串金具攀爬困难的问题,对带电作业现场环境及方式进行分析,根据±800 kV线路带电作业的需要,设计了一种具有可转动接头、不同尺寸卡座的带电作业绝缘伸缩平梯。应用结果表明:该平梯的设计确保了作业人员的操作安全,提高了带电作业的效率,满足现场带电作业的要求,具有实用性和创新性。     

Source identification and prediction of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of Lake Taihu by an ensemble machine learning technique

● A machine learning model was used to identify lake nutrient pollution sources. ● XGBoost model showed the best performance for lake water quality prediction. ● Model feature size was reduced by screening the key features with the MIC method. ● TN and TP concentrations of Lake Taihu are mainly affected by endogenous sources. ● Next-month lake TN and TP concentrations were predicted accurately. Effective control of lake eutrophication necessitates a full understanding of the complicated nitrogen and phosphorus pollution sources, for which mathematical modeling is commonly adopted. In contrast to the conventional knowledge-based models that usually perform poorly due to insufficient knowledge of pollutant geochemical cycling, we employed an ensemble machine learning (ML) model to identify the key nitrogen and phosphorus sources of lakes. Six ML models were developed based on 13 years of historical data of Lake Taihu’s water quality, environmental input, and meteorological conditions, among which the XGBoost model stood out as the best model for total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) prediction. The results suggest that the lake TN is mainly affected by the endogenous load and inflow river water quality, while the lake TP is predominantly from endogenous sources. The prediction of the lake TN and TP concentration changes in response to these key feature variations suggests that endogenous source control is a highly desirable option for lake eutrophication control. Finally, one-month-ahead prediction of lake TN and TP concentrations (R² of 0.85 and 0.95, respectively) was achieved based on this model with sliding time window lengths of 9 and 6 months, respectively. Our work demonstrates the great potential of using ensemble ML models for lake pollution source tracking and prediction, which may provide valuable references for early warning and rational control of lake eutrophication.     

自来水厂污泥制得陶粒对污水中磷和氨氮的吸附

自来水厂在制水过程中使用了铝系、铁系无机混凝剂,故而污泥中含有较多的铝、铁成分。本研究从固体废物综合利用角度,结合自来水厂污泥成分特点,探索自来水厂污泥陶粒化后作为污水处理污染物吸附填料的可行性。通过对四种不同温度条件下煅烧制得陶粒填料的污染物吸附性能及物理化学特征的对比研究表明,4种陶粒填料对磷均有较好的吸附效果,其中以400℃条件下制得的吸附效果最好,去除率可达98%;EDS、XRD等物化表征显示了4种陶粒填料中均含有铝的氧化物,但纯度不高,含量因煅烧温度不同而有所不同,800℃条件下制得的最低;比较吸附前后填料中Al-P的含量变化,400℃条件下制得的陶粒填料Al-P吸附量最大,达448.23 mg/kg,而800℃的最低,仅为116.11 mg/kg,煅烧后陶粒中铝氧化物是这类陶粒填料对磷吸附效果主要因素。     

混合动力轿车城市典型道路排放特性

基于车载式排放测试系统(PEMS),对混合动力轿车进行典型城市道路行驶工况下的排放测试,对比分析实验车辆速度、加速度和比功率区间下的排放特性。混合动力轿车在车速低于50 km/h时,发动机处于关闭状态无排放,温度也下降,会降低NOx排放。主干道上NOx排放最少,快速路上NOx排放较高,高速公路上NOx排放最多。车速超过50km/h时发动机再起动,产生CO和HC排放峰值。主干道上CO和HC排放峰值最频繁,总平均排放因子最高;快速路上排放峰值稀少,总平均排放因子居中;高速公路上没有很大的排放峰值,总平均排放因子最低。     

中山市2013年污染天气形势和气象要素特征分析

利用2013年中山市空气质量监测资料、气象观测资料、韩国气象厅天气图资料和WRF数值模式模拟分析了中山市全年大气污染的基本特征,总结了易于造成大气污染的典型天气形势和气象要素条件。结果表明:2013年中山市空气污染主要发生在秋季和冬季,首要污染物类型为PM_2.5和O₃,全年共发生12次持续污染事件;当中山市位于我国大陆冷高压底部(冷锋前部)副热带高压脊线北部或台风外围地区时有利于污染发生;中山市的弱(风速1~2 m/s)偏北风或偏东风、合适的相对湿度(40%~60%)和温度(秋季20~25℃,冬季10~15℃)均可能造成秋冬季的大气污染,而高温(大于30℃)是造成夏季大气污染的主要原因。1月PM_2.5重污染期间的WRF数值模拟结果表明:此次PM_2.5污染是小风(风速小于2 m/s)、地面增暖(增温2℃)、增湿(增湿5%以上)综合作用的结果,而大风(风速大于4 m/s)的强扩散作用对PM_2.5的清除效果显著。     

磺胺甲噁唑对堆肥过程中酶活性及微生物群落功能多样性的影响

为了探讨磺胺甲噁唑(Sulfamethoxazole,SMZ)对猪粪堆肥过程的影响,以猪粪、小麦秸秆为试验材料,研究了SMZ对好氧高温堆肥过程中温度、脱氢酶活性及微生物群落功能多样性的影响.结果表明,在整个堆腐过程中,SMZ含量为50 mg·kg-1的处理中脱氢酶活性受到不同程度的抑制作用;SMZ含量为95 mg·kg-1时对脱氢酶活性有激活作用.SMZ含量为95 mg·kg-1的处理中AWCD值与未添加SMZ的处理差异不显著,Simpson指数显著高于其他处理,有利于提高微生物的优势度,Shannon多样性指数显著高于未添加SMZ的处理,提高了微生物群落的丰富度和均匀度.SMZ含量为50 mg·kg-1的处理中AWCD值显著低于其他处理,对微生物活性具有一定的抑制作用.SMZ含量为50 mg·kg-1的堆料中微生物对多酚化合物类和多胺类等物质利用率显著低于其他处理,SMZ含量为95 mg·kg-1的堆料中微生物对糖类、多聚物类及多胺类等物质利用率较低.主成分分析表明,堆料中微生物中起分异作用的碳源主要为糖类、羧酸类及AA酸类.     

土霉素对厌氧发酵中酶活性和甲烷产量的影响

以猪粪为原料,小麦秸秆为调节物质,在小型厌氧发酵装置进行中温(37℃)厌氧发酵试验,研究了外源添加土霉素(OTC)对厌氧发酵过程中累积甲烷产量、脲酶活性和脱氢酶活性的影响以及土霉素的浓度变化情况.依据土霉素的添加量不同,试验共设置4个处理:CK处理,L处理(OTC质量分数60 mg·kg-1),M处理(OTC质量分数100 mg·kg-1),H处理(OTC质量分数140 mg·kg-1).结果表明:厌氧发酵初期,土霉素对甲烷累积产量有一定的促进作用,以后转变为抑制作用.厌氧发酵结束时,同对照相比,L至H处理甲烷累积产量依次减少了8.9%,4.6%,9.4%.厌氧发酵初期,土霉素对脲酶活性有一定的促进作用,随后转变为抑制作用;厌氧发酵前期,不同浓度土霉素对脱氢酶活性均表现为抑制作用,厌氧发酵后期,只有H处理的脱氢酶活性显著小于对照.土霉素含量在第10 d大幅度减少,30 d后土霉素含量基本维持不变.     

Response surface modeling-based source contribution analysis and VOC emission control policy assessment in a typical ozone-polluted urban Shunde, China

To develop a sound ozone (O₃) pollution control strategy, it is important to well understand and characterize the source contribution due to the complex chemical and physical formation processes of O₃. Using the “Shunde” city as a pilot summer case study, we apply an innovative response surface modeling (RSM) methodology based on the Community Multi-Scale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling simulations to identify the O₃ regime and provide dynamic analysis of the precursor contributions to effectively assess the O₃ impacts of volatile organic compound (VOC) control strategy. Our results show that Shunde is a typical VOC-limited urban O₃ polluted city. The “Jiangmen” city, as the main upper wind area during July 2014, its VOCs and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emissions make up the largest contribution (9.06%). On the contrary, the contribution from local (Shunde) emission is lowest (6.35%) among the seven neighbor regions. The local VOCs industrial source emission has the largest contribution comparing to other precursor emission sectors in Shunde. The results of dynamic source contribution analysis further show that the local NO_x control could slightly increase the ground O₃ under low (10.00%) and medium (40.00%) reduction ratios, while it could start to turn positive to decrease ground O₃ under the high NO_x abatement ratio (75.00%). The real-time assessment of O₃ impacts from VOCs control strategies in Pearl River Delta (PRD) shows that the joint regional VOCs emission control policy will effectively reduce the ground O₃ concentration in Shunde.     

南宁市南湖富营养化防治对策及综合整治方案的研究

由于大量生活污水未经处理排放南宁市南湖,南湖富营养化状已非常严重,各种水体功能均受到严重影响,治理南湖已刻不容缓。