垃圾处理规划的非量化因素研究

在影响垃圾处理规划诸因素中,存在着许多非量化因素,用Fuzzy set集合理论,对这些非量化因素按其重要程度进行了排序和评价,为确定最优方案提供了科学依据。      

燃煤电厂氟对灰场复垦土壤和农作物的影响

以燃用高氟煤的安徽省淮北电厂为例,研究了电厂排放的氟对灰场土壤和小麦的影响。结果表明：部分灰场土壤和小麦受到氟污染,灰场土壤污染程度与灰场覆盖年限的长短、大气中氟浓度显著相关,灰场小麦氟污染主要来自大气中的氟     

某深基坑支护设计及监测分析

以广州南方房产大厦深基坑支护结构为例,介绍了深基坑支护的设计指导思想和监测。文中介绍的方法对类似工程的设计有一定指导意义。     

乳化液废水的均相催化湿式氧化

在2L的高温高压反应釜中,以非贵的过渡金属盐作均相催化剂,研究了高浓度难降解的乳化液废水的催化湿式氧化.试验发现,单一金属盐催化活性为Cu2 ＞Mn2 ＞Co2 ,其中Cu2 在200℃时催化效果良好,可使TOC去除率提高13.3%;Cu2 受投量影响较明显,以200mg/L为宜;混合盐催化活性为Cu2 Mn2 ≈Mn2 Co2 (＞Cu2 )＞Cu2 Co2 .     

Urbanization,land use,and water quality in Shanghai. 1947-1996

The paper undertakes a preliminary investigation into the relationship between water quality and urbanization as well as the changing patterns of land use within Shanghai. Longitudinal changes to water quality at various points along the course of the Huangpu River are analysed and compared to changes in the rates of urbanization and changes in land uses. The results reveal that rapid urbanization corresponds with rapid degradation of water quality. It also shows that urban land uses are positively correlated with the decline in water quality. A regression model shows that close to 94% of the variability in water quality classifications is explained by industrial land area. The paper concludes with the need for comprehensive land use planning as a way of protecting valuable water resources.     

功能季铵盐改性蒙脱土吸附刚果红染料

以1,3-双[二(2-羟乙基)十二烷基溴化铵]丙烷(12-3-12(OH))对钠基蒙脱土(Na-Mt)进行插层改性,制备了有机蒙脱土(OMt)。采用FTIR、XRD和SEM等方法对用不同改性剂用量改性的OMt进行了表征,考察了吸附剂用量和体系pH对OMt吸附刚果红(CR)性能的影响,并探究了其吸附规律。表征结果显示:OMt表面有明显的褶皱,层间空隙随着改性剂用量的增加而增大。OMt作为吸附剂去除水中CR的最佳条件为:吸附剂用量0.4 g/L,自然pH (pH=7.12)。准二级动力学模型可以较好地描述1.0 OMt(12-3-12(OH)与Na-Mt可交换阳离子的摩尔比为1∶1)对CR的吸附过程,1.0 OMt吸附CR的过程更符合Langmuir模型,最大吸附量为248.14 mg/g,且为自发的吸热过程。重复使用3次,CR去除率保持在90%左右。     

Development and case study of a new-generation model-VAT for analyzing the boundary conditions influence on atmospheric mercury simulation

Atmospheric models are essential tools to study the behavior of air pollutants. To interpret the complicated atmospheric model simulations, a new-generation Model Visualization and Analysis Tool (Model-VAT) has been developed for scientists to analyze the model data and visualize the simulation results. The Model-VAT incorporates analytic functions of conventional tools and enhanced capabilities in flexibly accessing, analyzing, and comparing simulated results from multi-scale models with different map projections and grid resolutions. The performance of the Model-VAT is demonstrated by a case study of investigating the influence of boundary conditions (BCs) on the ambient Hg formation and transport simulated by the CMAQ model over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region. The alternative BC options are taken from (1) default time-independent profiles, (2) outputs from a CMAQ simulation of a larger nesting domain, and (3) concentration files from GEOS-Chem (re-gridded and re-projected using the Model-VAT). The three BC inputs and simulated ambient concentrations and deposition were compared using the Model-VAT. The results show that the model simulations based on the static BCs (default profile) underestimates the Hg concentrations by ~6.5%, dry depositions by ~9.4%, and wet depositions by ~43.2% compared to those of the model-derived (e. g. GEOS-Chem or nesting CMAQ) BCs. This study highlights the importance of model nesting approach and demonstrates that the innovative functions of Model-VAT enhances the efficiency of analyzing and comparing the model results from various atmospheric model simulations.

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Promotion mechanism of self-transmissible degradative plasmid transfer in maize rhizosphere and its application in naphthalene degradation in soil

Rhizospheres can promote self-transmissible plasmid transfer, however, the corresponding mechanism has not received much attention. Plant-microbe remediation is an effective way to promote pollutant biodegradation; however, some pollutants, such as naphthalene, are harmful to plants and result in inefficient plant-microbe remediation. In this study, transfer of a TOL-like plasmid, a self-transmissible plasmid loaded with genetic determinants for pollutant degradation, among different bacteria was examined in bulk and rhizosphere soils as well as addition of maize root exudate and its artificial root exudate (ARE). The results showed that the numbers of transconjugants and recipients as well as bacterial metabolic activities, such as xylE mRNA expression levels and catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C23O) activities of bacteria, remained high in rhizosphere soils, when compared with bulk soils. The number of transconjugants and bacterial metabolic activities increased with the increasing exudate and ARE concentrations, whereas the populations of donor and recipient bacteria were substantially unaltered at all concentrations. All the experiments consistently showed that a certain number of bacteria is required for self-transmissible plasmid transfer, and that the increased plasmid transfer might predominantly be owing to bacterial metabolic activity stimulated by root exudates and ARE. Furthermore, ARE addition increased naphthalene degradation by transconjugants in both culture medium and soil. Thus, the combined action of a wide variety of components in ARE might contribute to the increased plasmid transfer and naphthalene degradation. These findings suggest that ARE could be an effectively alternative for plant-microbe remediation of pollutants in environments where plants cannot survive.     

特种污染物排放源强反演及可视化分析工具研发及Hg2+分析示例

研发了特种污染物排放源强反演及可视化分析工具,集成利用了WRF气象预报结果及HYSPLIT前向轨迹规划外场监测点,调用CALPUFF模型基于监测数据和对应气象条件快速反算源强并模拟得到排放影响范围,并使用开源GIS平台进行可视化分析.同时,选取大气背景浓度极低的活性气态汞(Hg~(2+))为目标,以李坑垃圾焚烧厂不稳定Hg~(2+)排放为监测主体.结果表明,基于下风向监测数据反演的源强与实测的烟气Hg~(2+)含量有着较好的一致性(R~2=0.801).该工具可作为特种大气污染事故应急辅助决策新手段,提供包含非稳态排放源强、污染扩散影响范围等信息在内的关键依据.