全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5209篇 |
免费 | 106篇 |
国内免费 | 78篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 224篇 |
废物处理 | 257篇 |
环保管理 | 1335篇 |
综合类 | 461篇 |
基础理论 | 1231篇 |
环境理论 | 5篇 |
污染及防治 | 1271篇 |
评价与监测 | 370篇 |
社会与环境 | 189篇 |
灾害及防治 | 50篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 27篇 |
2022年 | 25篇 |
2021年 | 53篇 |
2020年 | 36篇 |
2019年 | 65篇 |
2018年 | 81篇 |
2017年 | 108篇 |
2016年 | 128篇 |
2015年 | 125篇 |
2014年 | 116篇 |
2013年 | 595篇 |
2012年 | 186篇 |
2011年 | 265篇 |
2010年 | 200篇 |
2009年 | 208篇 |
2008年 | 282篇 |
2007年 | 286篇 |
2006年 | 245篇 |
2005年 | 180篇 |
2004年 | 200篇 |
2003年 | 198篇 |
2002年 | 176篇 |
2001年 | 96篇 |
2000年 | 115篇 |
1999年 | 104篇 |
1998年 | 76篇 |
1997年 | 70篇 |
1996年 | 80篇 |
1995年 | 81篇 |
1994年 | 73篇 |
1993年 | 73篇 |
1992年 | 77篇 |
1991年 | 46篇 |
1990年 | 58篇 |
1989年 | 47篇 |
1988年 | 41篇 |
1987年 | 45篇 |
1986年 | 49篇 |
1985年 | 44篇 |
1984年 | 51篇 |
1983年 | 52篇 |
1982年 | 41篇 |
1981年 | 55篇 |
1980年 | 48篇 |
1979年 | 27篇 |
1978年 | 28篇 |
1977年 | 20篇 |
1976年 | 16篇 |
1975年 | 14篇 |
1971年 | 14篇 |
排序方式: 共有5393条查询结果,搜索用时 241 毫秒
191.
Miriam Hampel Esteban Alonso Irene Aparicio James E. Bron Juan Luis Santos John B. Taggart Michael J. Leaver 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(4):917-933
Background, aim, and scope
Pharmaceuticals are emerging pollutants widely used in everyday urban activities which can be detected in surface, ground, and drinking waters. Their presence is derived from consumption of medicines, disposal of expired medications, release of treated and untreated urban effluents, and from the pharmaceutical industry. Their growing use has become an alarming environmental problem which potentially will become dangerous in the future. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about long-term effects in non-target organisms as well as for human health. Toxicity testing has indicated a relatively low acute toxicity to fish species, but no information is available on possible sublethal effects. This study provides data on the physiological pathways involved in the exposure of Atlantic salmon as representative test species to three pharmaceutical compounds found in ground, surface, and drinking waters based on the evaluation of the xenobiotic-induced impairment resulting in the activation and silencing of specific genes. 相似文献192.
Guan-yong Su Zi-shen Gao Yijun Yu Jia-chun Ge Si Wei Jian-fang Feng Feng-yan Liu John P. Giesy Hong-xia Yu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2010,17(3):634-642
Background, aim, and scope
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their metabolites are toxic to animals, and concentrations of the PBDEs metabolites can exceed those of the parent materials. But no information was available on concentrations of PBDEs metabolites in the lower Yangtze River in the region around Jiangsu Province of China, which is heavily urbanized and industrialized area. The aims of this study were to determine whether PBDEs and their methoxylated PBDEs (MeO-PBDEs) were accumulated in Coilia sp. in this area and to investigate the potential sources for these two kinds of brominated organic pollutants. 相似文献193.
Environmental attitudes (EA), a crucial construct in environmental psychology, are a psychological tendency expressed by evaluating the natural environment with some degree of favour or disfavour. There are hundreds of EA measures available based on different conceptual and theoretical frameworks, and most researchers prefer to generate new measures rather than organize those already available. The present research provides a cumulative and theoretical approach to the measurement of EA, in which the multidimensional and hierarchical nature of EA is considered. Reported are findings from three studies on the development of a psychometrically sound, multidimensional inventory to assess EA cross-culturally, the Environmental Attitudes Inventory (EAI). The EAI has twelve specific scales that capture the main facets measured by previous research. The twelve factors were established through confirmatory factor analyses, and the EAI scales are shown to be unidimensional scales with high internal consistency, homogeneity and high test-retest reliability, and also to be largely free from social desirability. 相似文献
194.
Paul M. Mathias Satish Reddy John P. O’Connell 《International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control》2010,4(2):174-179
There is strong world-wide interest in developing new and improved processes for post-combustion capture of CO2, often using chemical absorption. Developers of new processes make positive claims for their proposals in terms of low energy consumption, but these are usually difficult to validate. This paper demonstrates that rigorous application of thermodynamic analysis and process simulation provides a powerful way to quantitatively estimate the energy requirements of CO2-capture processes by applying the methodology to the analysis and evaluation of the chilled-ammonia process. 相似文献
195.
Ikechukwu D. Anyaogu Paul M. Ejikeme John A. Ibemesi 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2010,18(2):104-115
Soybean oil (SBO) was dimerized and the crude dimer acid product reacted with 1,2-phenylene diamine at 210 ± 5 °C under inert
atmosphere to obtain fatty polyamide (FPA). The FPA was used to modify a commercial alkyd resin by reacting a mixture of the
alkyd resin with 5 wt% of FPA at 120 °C for 80 min under inert atmosphere. The FTIR spectrum of the FPA modified resin showed
evidence of higher degree of H-bonding than was found for the unmodified alkyd. White gloss coatings of 15, 20, 25, and 30%
solids were formulated from the modified and unmodified resins and examined for performance with respect to: leveling, sag
resistance, drying time, pigment settling, skinning tendency and film hardness. Results showed that the unmodified alkyd coatings
exhibited good leveling but poor sag resistance at all solid contents. In contrast, FPA modified alkyd coatings combined good
leveling with high sag resistance indicating their thixotropic nature. A strong tendency to pigment settling was observed
for unmodified alkyd coatings but was not observed in the FPA modified alkyd coatings. The modified alkyd coatings showed
skinning while the unmodified alkyd coatings did not skin. A 30% solids coating formulation of the FPA modified resin showed
shorter surface dry time but longer hard dry time than the unmodified alkyd resin coating. 相似文献
196.
U.S. Department of Energy (US DOE) remediation responsibilities include the Hanford site in Washington State. Cleanup is governed by the Tri‐Party Agreement (TPA) between the US DOE as the responsible party and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Washington State Department of Ecology as joint regulators. In 2003, the US DOE desired to implement a “Risk‐Based End State” (RBES) policy at Hanford, with remediation measures driven by acceptable risk standards using exposure scenarios based on the 1999 Hanford Comprehensive Land‐Use Plan. Facing resistance from regulators and stakeholders, the US DOE solicited public input on its policy. This led to a Hanford Site End State Vision in 2005 and a commitment that the TPA would continue to control remediation. This article describes how regulator and public participation modified RBES to an end‐state vision. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
197.
Assessing Surface Water Quality and Its Relation with Urban Land Cover Changes in the Lake Calumet Area, Greater Chicago 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Urban land use and land cover change significantly affect spatial and temporal patterns of runoff, which in turn impacts surface
water quality. With the exponential growth in urban areas over the past three decades, changes in land use and land cover
to cater for the growth of cities has been a conspicuous spectacle in urban spaces. The main goal of this study was to assess
the impacts of land cover change on runoff and surface water quality using a partial area hydrology framework. The study employed
ArcHydro GIS extension and a modified version of Long-Term Hydrologic and Nonpoint Source Pollution model (L-THIA-NPS) in
estimating runoff and nonpoint source pollutant concentration around Lake Calumet between 1992 and 2001. Data employed include
National Land Cover Data set, rainfall data, digital elevation model (DEM), Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) data, and The
United States Environmental Protection Agency’s STORET (storage and retrieval) water quality data. The model was able to predict
surface water quality reasonably well over the study period. Sensitivity analysis facilitated a manual calibration of the
model. Model validation was executed by comparing simulated results following calibration and observed water quality data
for the study area. The study demonstrates that the level of concentration of nonpoint source pollutants in surface water
within an urban watershed heavily depends on the spatiotemporal variations in areas that contribute towards runoff compared
to the spatial extent of change in major land use/land cover. 相似文献
198.
John R. Dymond Tim J. A. Davie Andrew D. Fenemor Jagath C. Ekanayake Ben R. Knight Anthony O. Cole Oscar Montes de Oca Munguia Will J. Allen Roger G. Young Les R. Basher Marc Dresser Chris J. Batstone 《Environmental management》2010,46(3):484-493
Can we develop land use policy that balances the conflicting views of stakeholders in a catchment while moving toward long term sustainability? Adaptive management provides a strategy for this whereby measures of catchment performance are compared against performance goals in order to progressively improve policy. However, the feedback loop of adaptive management is often slow and irreversible impacts may result before policy has been adapted. In contrast, integrated modelling of future land use policy provides rapid feedback and potentially improves the chance of avoiding unwanted collapse events. Replacing measures of catchment performance with modelled catchment performance has usually required the dynamic linking of many models, both biophysical and socio-economic—and this requires much effort in software development. As an alternative, we propose the use of variable environmental intensity (defined as the ratio of environmental impact over economic output) in a loose coupling of models to provide a sufficient level of integration while avoiding significant effort required for software development. This model construct was applied to the Motueka Catchment of New Zealand where several biophysical (riverine water quantity, sediment, E. coli faecal bacteria, trout numbers, nitrogen transport, marine productivity) models, a socio-economic (gross output, gross margin, job numbers) model, and an agent-based model were linked. An extreme set of land use scenarios (historic, present, and intensive) were applied to this modelling framework. Results suggest that the catchment is presently in a near optimal land use configuration that is unlikely to benefit from further intensification. This would quickly put stress on water quantity (at low flow) and water quality (E. coli). To date, this model evaluation is based on a theoretical test that explores the logical implications of intensification at an unlikely extreme in order to assess the implications of likely growth trajectories from present use. While this has largely been a desktop exercise, it would also be possible to use this framework to model and explore the biophysical and economic impacts of individual or collective catchment visions. We are currently investigating the use of the model in this type of application. 相似文献
199.
Swine (Sus scofa domestica) lagoon effluent is a valuable resource. In the U.S. Mid-South it is applied from April to September to fertilize grass hay in spray-irrigated fields. Lagoon levels of nutrients and bacteria, and soil levels of nutrients have been documented, but little was known of effluent bacterial levels in soil. The present study examined levels of selected effluent bacteria and nutrients in soils inside and outside spray fields after >15 yr of effluent irrigation. Samples were collected February to March 2009 from contiguous soils spanning adjacent irrigated and nonirrigated areas. Separate soil cores for bacterial and nutrient tests were collected in pairs <10 cm apart. Five cores each were collected at 15-m intervals and combined, respectively, to comprise inside and outside samples from each of 20 soils (four each from five farms/spray fields). Analyses of data combined across all soils showed higher pH and Mehlich-3-extracrable (M3-) P, Mg, K, Na, Cu, and Zn inside than outside spray fields, while total N, total C, M3-Ca, and M3-Mn did not differ. Bacterial levels were higher inside than outside spray fields for heterotrophic plate counts, thermotolerant coliforms, Staphylococcus spp., and Clostridium perfringens, but levels of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. were not different. Cultural presence/absence tests for three pathogens (Listeria spp., Campylobacter spp., and Salmonella spp.) detected only Listeria spp., which did not differ inside (23% positive samples) and outside (28% positive). Molecular tests detected all three pathogens at low levels that were not different inside and outside. We found no evidence of cumulative buildup of Campylobacter spp., Listeria spp., or Salmonela s. in spray field soils. 相似文献
200.