Conflict and Coordination Problem of Carbon Tax’ Diversity Targets in China-Based on the Tax Optimization Theory

Among all the emission reduction measures,carbon tax is recognized as the most effective way to protect our climate.That is why the Chinese government has recently taken it as a tax reform direction.In the current economic analysis,the design of carbon tax is mostly based on the target to maximize the efficiency.However,based on the theory of tax system optimization,we should also consider other policy objectives,such as equity,revenue and cost,and then balance different objectives to achieve the suboptimum reform of carbon tax system in China.     

我国有机废气治理行业2008年发展综述

综述了2008年我国有机废气治理行业的发展状况,分析了行业发展存在的主要问题,对行业的发展进行了展望。     

我国机动车污染防治行业2008年发展综述

综述了我国机动车污染防治行业2008年发展状况,分析了行业发展中存在的主要问题,提出了解决对策和建议,对行业的发展进行了展望。     

我国循环经济2008年发展综述

概述了2008年我国循环经济发展状况,以及颁布的相关法律法规和重要的行动措施;指出了国内循环经济发展中存在的主要问题,提出了相关的对策和建议。     

理性思考汶川地震中砌体结构的抗震能力

汶川地震建筑震害严重,应对此进行理性的思考。本文立足于按规范正常建造的砌体结构房屋的震害调查,对砌体结构震害严重的原因进行了分析,提出了减轻砌体结构震害的建议;同时,对预制板在地震区的应用进行了探讨,指出政府不宜限制预制板的应用;最后,建议采用经济性好、施工快捷、结构性能可靠的新型装配整体式房屋结构体系等技术。     

People, power and timber: The politics of community-based forest management

The potential of devolved conservation to empower people, reduce poverty and protect forest resources has yet to be realized in much of the developing world. This is particularly evident in the Philippines where the central state paradoxically recentralizes political power through devolution at the policy, program and project level in forest management. We investigate how centralized state power emanates through devolved networks to affect the success of local timber utilization involving community-based forest management (CBFM) on Mindanao Island, the southern Philippines. By examining broader shifts from centralized to devolved forest management, results suggest that centralized political power continues to control and adversely affect local uses of timber through CBFM. We discuss how in the process of state authorities recentralizing devolved rights and responsibility over timber management, community-based logging operations were threatened but sustained by members relying on community-based structures and their own capabilities. The conclusion asserts that broader state processes of devolving power over timber management remains constrained by political motives and interests and so largely fails to fulfill the objectives of community-based forest management.     

The potential for sand dams to increase the adaptive capacity of East African drylands to climate change

Drylands are home to more than two billion people and are characterised by frequent, severe droughts. Such extreme events are expected to be exacerbated in the near future by climate change. A potentially simple and cost-effective mitigation measure against drought periods is sand dams. This little-known technology aims to promote subsoil rainwater storage to support dryland agro-ecosystems. To date, there is little long-term empirical analysis that tests the effectiveness of this approach during droughts. This study addresses this shortcoming by utilising multi-year satellite imagery to monitor the effect of droughts at sand dam locations. A time series of satellite images was analysed to compare vegetation at sand dam sites and control sites over selected periods of drought, using the normalised difference vegetation index. The results show that vegetation biomass was consistently and significantly higher at sand dam sites during periods of extended droughts. It is also shown that vegetation at sand dam sites recovers more quickly from drought. The observed findings corroborate modelling-based research which identified related impacts on ground water, land cover, and socio-economic indicators. Using past periods of drought as an analogue to future climate change conditions, this study indicates that sand dams have potential to increase adaptive capacity and resilience to climate change in drylands. It therefore can be concluded that sand dams enhance the resilience of marginal environments and increase the adaptive capacity of drylands. Sand dams can therefore be a promising adaptation response to the impacts of future climate change on drylands.     

外负载Ce-TiO_2/活性炭复合体对亚甲基蓝光催化

用超临界流体沉积法处理过的活性炭（AC）为载体,钛酸丁酯为前驱物,硝酸铈为掺杂剂,乙醇为溶剂,制备了外负载TiO2-Ce/Csurf复合材料。在紫外灯照射下,以亚甲基蓝溶液为标准模拟降解物,研究了复合体不同热处理温度、不同浓度、不同亚甲基蓝浓度、不同铈掺杂量以及不同反应温度对光催化性能的影响。结果表明：外负载催化剂的催化性能要高于纯TiO2和体负载催化剂。铈离子掺杂能抑制TiO2晶粒生长,阻碍了TiO2由锐钛矿型向金红石型的转变。当铈离子掺杂量为1.5%,热处理温度为600℃,亚甲基蓝溶液初始浓度为5.5 mg/L,样品浓度为1.5 g/L时,光催化性能最好。     

回顾2008

2008,一个令人兴奋激动,又令人惊悸难忘的年份.相信,所有的中国人,都会永远铭记它的伟大及不平凡.     

西藏当雄6．6级地震

2008年10月6日,这一天是西藏当雄县人民难以忘怀的日子,一场没有任何预兆的里氏6.6级地震灾难降临到西藏中部大地. 16时30分,随着"轰隆"一声巨响,天旋地转、山崩地陷、大地颤抖、房屋摇晃,顷刻间,地震造成了9人死亡,14人重伤,46人轻伤,倒损房屋1931户、约6500间,有4万余人有家不能归.当雄县格达乡的羊易村普遍受灾(153户、899人),房屋倒平、水电停供、通信中断,基础设施严重损毁,水池水塘坝体的坝间开裂,坝坡渗漏,水渠开裂,地震造成直接经济损失达4.1亿余元.