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91.
Due to the favorable weather, abundant water resources and fertile soil, the area has been known as the homeland for crops and fish. However, being one of the most developed regions in China, the environmental quality of the Pearl River delta has deteriorated due to recent socio-economic changes during the past two decades. The drivers are industrialization and economic growth, population growth and agricultural development; and the pressures are water pollution which include nutrients and suspended solids, pesticides, other persistent toxic substances (PAHs and PCBs) and oil. These have imposed various impacts such as eutrophication, formation of red tides and biomagnification of organic contaminants through food chains. In response to these, regulatory measures have been established by the Environmental Protection Bureau of Guangdong Province, joining forces with environmental protection authorities in all urban cities and most counties, in addition to the Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department, to control pollution in order to prevent further environmental deterioration and economic loss. The present paper is an attempt by following the DPSIR approach promoted by the OECD in the early 1990s and further developed by IGBP LOICZ to review the environmental quality of Pearl River with emphasis on water quality and the impact of rapid socio-economic changes. 相似文献
92.
Variations in the chemical properties of landfill leachate 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Landfill leachates were collected and their chemical properties analyzed once every two months over a ten-month period from
the Gin Drinkers' Bay (GDB) and Junk Bay (JB) landfills. The contents of solids, and inorganic and organic components fluctuated
considerably with time. In general, the chemical properties of the two leachates correlated negatively (P<0.05) with the amounts of rainfall prior to the sampling periods. However, magnesium and pH of the leachates remained relatively
constant with respect to sampling time. The JB leachate contained higher average contents of solids and inorganic and organic
matter than those of GDB with the exception of trace metals. Trace metals were present in the two leachates in trace quantities
(<1.0 mg/liter). The concentrations of average ammoniacal nitrogen were 1040 and 549 mg/liter, while chemical oxygen demand
(COD) values were 767 and 695 mg/liter for JB and GDB leachates, respectively. These results suggest that the leachates need
further treatment before they can be discharged to the coastal waters. 相似文献
93.
Sediments collected from Tap Mun (within Tolo Harbour) and Yim Tin Tsai (outside Tolo Harbour) were extracted sequentially
and the copper, cadmium, and chromium contents were determined. Total contents of copper, cadmium, chromium, and arsenic were
also detected by acid digestion. The level of heavy metal extracted was higher in sequential extraction (which extracted all
forms of metal ions) than total acid digestion. Among the four heavy metals studied, only copper showed a significantly higher
(P<0.001) level in samples collected from Yim Tin Tsai (16.10 mg/kg) than that from Tap Mun (3.19 mg/kg). Such a difference
in copper level is mainly attributed to the significantly higher (P<0.05) levels of copper in the organic, carbonate, and sulfide forms, whereas there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the exchangeable and sorbed forms.
Green-lipped mussel (Perna viridis) samples collected from the two sites were dissected into seven parts (gill, byssus, siphon, shell, digestive gland, soft
tissue, and adductor muscle) and the concentrations of copper, cadmium, chromium, and arsenic were measured. The highest concentration
of copper was obtained in the byssus. A higher concentration of copper was also noted in the mussels collected from Yim Tin
Tsai than those collected from Tap Mun. No specific trend was revealed for the other metals tested. Chromium and arsenic concentrations
were found to be independent of the body size of the mussels. Copper had a lower concentration in larger mussels and cadmium
level was found to decrease with size. In addition, the mussels collected from Tap Mun were much larger than those collected
from Yim Tin Tsai. 相似文献
94.
Structural and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 films fabricated on silicon substrates by MOCVD method 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Silicon(111) and Silicon(100) were employed for fabrication of TiO2 films by metal organic chemical vapor deposition( MOCVD).Titanium(Ⅳ) isopropoxide(Ti[O(C3H7)4]) was used as a precursor. The as-deposited TiO2 films were characterized with FE-SEM, XRD and AFM. The photocatalytic properties were investigated by decomposition of aqueous Orange Ⅱ. And UV-VlS photospectrometer was used for checking the absorption characteristics and photocatalytic degradation activity. The crystalline and structural properties of TiO2 film had crucial influences on the photodegradation efficiency. For MOCVD in-situ deposited films on Si substrates, the photoactivities varied following a shape of “M”: at Iower(350℃ ), middle(500℃ ) and higher(800℃ ) temperature of deposition, relative lower photodegradation activities were observed. At 400% and 700% of deposition, relative higher efficiencies of degradation were obtained, because one predominant crystallite orientation could be obtained as deposition at the temperature of two levels, especially a single anatase crystalline TiO2 film could be obtained at 700℃. 相似文献
95.
Arthur Lau Yuk Shan Wong logy ChemistryCity University of Hong KongKowloonH.K. Zhang Tong Nora F.Y.Tam 《环境科学学报(英文版)》1998,10(4):474-478
1IntroductionIndustrialwastewaters,particularlythosedischargedfrommanufacturingofprintedcircuitboard(PCB)andelectroplatingcon... 相似文献
96.
环境污染系统的灰色投入产出模型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
将投入产出模型与灰色理论结合起来,建立了以灰色预测为基础的环境污染系统灰色投入产出模型,探索了如何从污染物总量控制目标出发来规划和发展生产。 相似文献
97.
Ecological restoration of mine degraded soils,with emphasis on metal contaminated soils 总被引:47,自引:0,他引:47
Wong MH 《Chemosphere》2003,50(6):775-780
This paper reviews the ecological aspects of mined soil restoration, with special emphasis on maintaining a long-term sustainable vegetation on toxic metal mine sites. The metal mined soils are man-made habitats which are very unstable and will become sources of air and water pollution. Establishment of a vegetation cover is essential to stabilize the bare area and to minimize the pollution problem. In addition to remediate the adverse physical and chemical properties of the sites, the choice of appropriate vegetation will be important. Phytostabilization and phytoextraction are two common phytoremediation techniques in treating metal-contaminated soils, for stabilizing toxic mine spoils, and the removal of toxic metals from the spoils respectively. Soil amendments should be added to aid stabilizing mine spoils, and to enhance metal uptake accordingly. 相似文献
98.
Biodegradation capacity of tributyltin by two Chlorella species 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Two microalgal species, Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorella sp., which showed high tributyltin (TBT) tolerant ability were investigated for their capabilities in degrading TBT at sublethal concentration. The distribution of TBT and its degraded products dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) in the incubation medium, extracellular surface and intracellular fraction were monitored during an exposure period of 14 days. Results showed that biosorption of TBT by the algal cell wall was the major mechanism in reducing 40% of the initial TBT from the medium in the first 2 days. The half-life of TBT incubated with C. vulgaris was 60 h while that of Chlorella sp. was 80 h. The occurrence of DBT at Day 1 in the culture medium provided direct evidence to the biodegradation of TBT by both Chlorella species. At the end of the experimental period, 27 and 41% of the original TBT were recovered as DBT and MBT in cultures of C. vulgaris, respectively. In contrast, DBT appeared to be the only degradation product of Chlorella sp. and only 26% of the original TBT was transformed to DBT. Despite the same genus, TBT was debutylated to a greater extent to MBT by C. vulgaris, while DBT was the end degradation product by Chlorella sp. The capability of such debutylating process therefore accounted for the higher tolerant ability of C. vulgaris than Chlorella sp. 相似文献
99.
The use of organo-chlorine (DDT and HCH) has been banned in China for 20 years. A field survey was carried out during 1999-2000 in the Taihu Lake Region. Organo-chlorine pesticide (OCP) residues in soil, water, fish and sediment samples were investigated. DDT was detected in 5 out of 10 samples with concentration ranging from 0.3 to 5.3 microg/kg in the surface (0-15 cm) layer, 6 out of 10 with 0.5 to 4.0 microg/kg in the subsoil layer (16-30 cm), and 4 of 10 with 0 to 2.7 microg/ kg in the deep soil layer (31-50 cm). Results for HCH residues in soil samples were similar to those of DDT. These results indicate that OCP residues in 0-50 cm profile had been leached out or degraded to safe level. In river water DDT was detected in 10 out of 13 samples ranging from 0.2 to 9.3 microg/l, with an average of 1.0 microg/l. While HCH was detected in 12 out of 13 samples ranging from 0.02 to 36.1 microg/l, with an average 5.6 microg/l. DDT residues in sediment ranged from 0.1 to 8.8 microg/kg, while HCH ranged from 0.3 to 66.5 microg/kg. DDT residues in fish body ranged from 3.7 to 23.5 microg/kg and HCH ranged from 3.7 to 132 microg/kg. These results demonstrate an accumulation through food chain (from soil-water-sediment-microbes-crop-fish-... etc.), also that HCH residues are generally more persistent than DDT residues. However, all these data are well below than the state warning standard limit. 相似文献
100.