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121.
Floyd Jessica R. Kwoba Emmah Mwangi Thumbi Okotto-Okotto Joseph Wanza Peggy Wardrop Nicola Yu Weiyu Wright Jim A. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(23):34314-34324
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Given the increasing evidence that domestic contact with livestock is a risk factor for child diarrhoea in low- and middle-income countries, there... 相似文献
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Andrea L. Baden Patricia C. Wright Edward E. Louis Jr. Brenda J. Bradley 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2013,67(12):1939-1950
Communal nesting, where several mothers regularly pool and cooperatively rear offspring, is unusual in mammals. This type of crèching behavior is especially rare among primates, with the notable exceptions of humans, some nocturnal strepsirrhines, and—as we show in this study—black-and-white ruffed lemurs (Varecia variegata). Here, we combine data on nesting behavior, genetic relatedness, and infant survivorship to describe variation in ruffed lemur infant care and to examine the potential benefits of ruffed lemur communal breeding. Reproductive events were rare, and females produced litters (synchronously) only once in 6 years of observation. We show that not all mothers participate in communal crèches, but those that did had greater maternal success; communal breeders spent more time feeding and their offspring were more likely to survive. Although cooperating mothers were often related, females also cooperated with non-kin, and those who shared infant care responsibilities had greater maternal success than mothers who did not participate. If there is indeed a causal link between maternal cooperation and reproductive success, this unusual behavior, like that of human communal rearing, may have evolved via some combination of kin selection and mutualism. 相似文献
125.
Data-logging devices are commonly used to study the foraging behaviour of individual seabirds. Such studies need to examine the potential effects of using devices on instrumented individuals, not only for ethical reasons but also to ensure the validity of data gathered. We studied the effects of two types of device (time-depth recorder and global positioning system) on little penguins (Eudyptula minor) during the 2010 and 2011 breeding season at Oamaru, New Zealand. Mixed-effect models were used to test for effects of devices by comparing changes in body weight, chick growth and breeding performance between instrumented and control individuals. We found no detectable effects of the attached devices on body weight change, hatching success, fledging success, chick growth parameters or adult survival. We conclude that it is possible to attach data-logging devices to adult little penguins for extended periods during the breeding season with minimal impacts. 相似文献
126.
高残留农药福美双对斑马鱼胚胎脊索的特异性影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
福美双在我国是一种广泛使用的二硫代甲氨基甲酸盐类农药,它的高残留性已经引起世界各国的重视. 以斑马鱼胚胎作为试验动物模型,从分子水平探讨了福美双对胚胎脊索弯曲的毒性作用机制.结果表明,福美双造成斑马鱼胚胎脊索弯曲与重叠等形态学变化,脊索弯曲程度与福美双的染毒浓度呈正相关. 通过Ⅱ型胶原蛋白抗体染色表明,福美双引起软骨发育的变化与Ⅱ型胶原蛋白表达的降低密切相关. 试验进一步表明,斑马鱼胚胎适合作为农药毒性评价的模型. 相似文献
127.
Sarook Sarky Jim Wright Mary Edwards 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2017,60(9):1529-1553
Multiple criteria evaluation (MCE) is often used with GIS to identify suitable sites for multi-purpose development such as ecotourism. Typically, expert or stakeholder consultation is used to identify weights reflecting the relative importance of map layers representing different criteria. The objective of this study was to evaluate a new consultative approach to GIS-based MCE, using ecotourism development in Kurdistan, Iraq, as a case study. In an initial and follow-up consultation, stakeholders were asked not only to assess the relative importance of different map layers for ecotourism development, but also to identify specific sites suitable for ecotourism. Seventy-eight ecotourism destinations nominated by participants had significantly higher MCE scores than a set of 58 locations chosen without reference to stakeholders (t-test = 21.16; p < 0.001). The approach thus provides a straightforward means of assessing the consistency of stakeholder input into MCE and could be adapted for use in other site suitability assessments. 相似文献
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Leiming Zhang L. Paige Wright Pierrette Blanchard 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(37):5853-5864
The status of the current knowledge concerning the dry deposition of atmospheric mercury, including elemental gaseous mercury (Hg0), reactive gaseous mercury (RGM), and particulate mercury (Hgp), is reviewed. The air–surface exchange of Hg0 is commonly bi-directional, with daytime emission and nighttime deposition over non-vegetated surfaces and vegetated surfaces with small leaf area indices under low ambient Hg0 conditions. However, daytime deposition has also been observed, especially when the ambient Hg0 is high. Typical dry deposition velocities (Vd) for Hg0 are in the range of 0.1–0.4 cm s?1 over vegetated surfaces and wetlands, but substantially smaller over non-vegetated surfaces and soils below canopies. Meteorological, biological, and soil conditions, as well as the ambient Hg0 concentrations all play important roles in the diurnal and seasonal variations of Hg0 air–surface exchange processes. Measurements of RGM deposition are limited and are known to have large uncertainties. Nevertheless, all of the measurements suggest that RGM can deposit very quickly onto any type of surface, with its Vd ranging from 0.5 to 6 cm s?1. The very limited data for Hgp suggest that its Vd values are in the range of 0.02–2 cm s?1.A resistance approach is commonly used in mercury transport models to estimate Vd for RGM and Hgp; however, there is a wide range of complexities in the dry deposition scheme of Hg0. Although resistance-approach based dry deposition schemes seem to be able to produce the typical Vd values for RGM and Hg0 over different surface types, more sophisticated air–surface exchange models have been developed to handle the bi-directional exchange processes. Both existing and newly developed dry deposition schemes need further evaluation using field measurements and intercomparisons within different modelling frameworks. 相似文献
130.
Geraldine A. Wright David Raubenheimer Steven Hill Stephen J. Simpson 《Chemoecology》2000,10(2):59-67
Summary.
Schistocerca gregaria, the desert locust, has been shown to regulate its dietary intake with respect to specific macronutrients in synthetic foods.
This study examined the nutrients in the leaves of two starch mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana, and then compared the feeding behaviour of locusts on the two starch mutants. The high-starch mutant had c. 25 times more starch than the no-starch mutant. Newly molted 5th stadium locusts were preconditioned for 3 days on one of
the mutants, and then observed for 90 min while exposed to the same or the alternative mutant. Locusts pretreated with the
no-starch mutant fed longer during the first meal on high-starch mutants, spent more time feeding, and had the smaller latency
to begin a meal when compared to the locusts pretreated on the high-starch mutant. The results of the study are interpreted
in light of an integrative model of nutrient balancing.
Received 16 November 1999; accepted 23 December 1999 相似文献