Fe~0-厌氧微生物体系处理活性艳蓝X-BR的试验研究

采用零价铁(Fe0)-厌氧微生物处理体系,以蒽醌染料活性艳蓝X-BR为处理对象,通过摇床试验研究了Fe0投加量、pH值等因素对染料脱色的影响,并对比了该染料在3种不同处理体系中的脱色效果.结果表明,在Fe0-厌氧微生物体系中,Fe0投加量和pH值均存在最适宜值,当两者分别控制在400mg/L和7,染料初始浓度和反应时间分别为100mg/L和68h时,该体系脱色率可达到90%以上;与相同反应条件下的纯Fe0、纯厌氧微生物体系相比,该体系的脱色率提高近40%.根据紫外-可见光谱分析,Fe0可有效促进厌氧微生物对X-BR及其中间产物的降解,实现完全脱色.其脱色符合准一级动力学,当染料初始浓度由50mg/L增至800mg/L时,反应速率常数k值由0.0470h-1降至0.0102h-1.     

硅橡胶平板复合膜萃取处理含酚废水的分离性能

 采用一种新的硅橡胶平板复合膜[聚二甲基硅氧烷 (PDMS) /聚偏氟乙烯 (PVDF)]处理含酚废水,考察了流量、萃取液pH 值、料液浓度、系统温度、盐离子浓度对总传质系数(Kov)的影响.结果表明, 随料液流量增加,Kov 增大,当料液流量＞400mL/min 时,Kov 基本不变;当萃取液pH 值＞11 时,增大pH 值对Kov 影响不大, 当pH 值为12.5~13.0 时,萃取液浓度变化对Kov 无影响;料液浓度增加,使传质动力增强,从而加强了传质,但当料液浓度达到5g/L 时,Kov与其初始浓度无关; Kov随液相温度增加而线性增大; 离子强度改变了苯酚在相间的分配系数,影响传质过程.     

Modeling effects of temperature and precipitation on carbon characteristics and GHGs emissions in Abies fabric forest of subalpine

Abies fabric forest in the eastern slope of Gongga mountain is one type of subalpine dark coniferous forests of southwestern China. It is located on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and is sensitive to climatic changes. A process-oriented biogeochemical model, Forest-DNDC, was applied to simulate the e ects of climatic factors, temperature and precipitation changes on carbon characteristics, and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions in A. fabric forest. Validation indicated that the Forest-DNDC could be used to predict carbon characteristics and GHGs emissions with reasonable accuracy. The model simulated carbon fluxes, soil carbon dynamics, soil CO2, N2O, and NO emissions with the changes of temperature and precipitation conditions. The results showed that with variation in the baseline temperature from –2℃ to +2℃, the gross primary production (GPP) and soil organic carbon (SOC) increased, and the net primary production (NPP) and net ecosystem production (NEP) decreased because of higher respiration rate. With increasing baseline precipitation the GPP and NPP increased slightly, and the NEP and SOC showed decreasing trend. Soil CO2 emissions increased with the increase of temperature, and CO2 emissions changed little with increased baseline precipitation. With increased temperature and decreased baseline temperature, the total annual soil N2O emissions increased.With the variation of baseline temperature from –2℃ to +2℃, the total annual soil NO emissions increased. The total annual N2O and NO emissions showed increasing trends with the increase of precipitation. The biogeochemical simulation of the typical forest indicated that temperature changes strongly a ected carbon fluxes, soil carbon dynamics, and soil GHGs emissions. The precipitation was not a principal factor a ecting carbon fluxes, soil carbon dynamics, and soil CO2 emissions, but changes in precipitation could exert strong e ect on soil N2O and NO emissions.     

Effects of low temperature on aluminum(III) hydrolysis: Theoretical and experimental studies

In this study, the effects of low temperature on aluminum(III) (Al) hydrolysis were examined both theoretically and experimentally by constructing a solubility diagram for amorphous aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3(am)) and a distribution diagram of hydrolyzed Al species. First, thermodynamic data of Al species at 4 degrees C were calculated from that at 25 degrees C. A well confirmed polymeric Al species, AlO4Al12(OH)24(7+)(Al13), was involved in building the diagrams and, correspondingly, the non-linear simultaneous equations with 13 degrees were resolved. Secondly, polarized Zeeman atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and ferron-based spectrophotometry were applied for constructing the practical diagrams. The results show that a decrease of temperature from 25 to 4 degrees C caused the Al(OH)3(am) boundary on the solubility diagram to shift toward the alkaline side by about 1.0 pH unit and the minimum solubility of Al(OH)3(am) to reduce by 1.0 log unit. The distribution diagram indicates that the monomeric Al, Al13, and solid-phase Al(OH)3 were alternately the predominant species with the increase of pH value during Al hydrolysis. At 25 degrees C, Al13 was the dominant species in a pH range of 4.0 to 4.5, whereas at 4 degrees C, All3 was the leading species in a pH range spaced from 4.5 to 6.3. The predominant species changed from the monomeric Al to the solid-phase Al(OH)3 over the range of 1.8 pH units at 4 degrees C in comparison with the range of 0.5 pH unit at 25 degrees C.     

The acute lethality and endocrine effect of 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD in juvenile goldfish （ Carassius auratus ） in vivo

1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD was administrated to juvenile goldfish （Carassius auratus） by peritoneal injections to explore the acute lethality and endocrine effects of 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD in vivo. The value of acute median lethal dosage （LD50） of 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD was determined in acute lethality tests. The endocrine effect of 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, whose exposed concentrations were determined based on the LD50 （1.84 mg/kg）, was studied by measuring the plasma vitellogenin （Vtg） content in juvenile male goldfish with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays （ELISA）. Due to its significant induction of the plasma Vtg after one week＇s exposure in vivo in the 1/2 LD50 and LD30 groups, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD might be one of the important contributors to the estrogenic effect of PCDDs in the environment. The values of 1/2 LD50 and LD30 were within the range of the effective dosages of 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, indicating that there was a certain relationship between the estrogenic effective dosages and the LD50.     

Characterization of depth-related microbial communities in lake sediment by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of amplified 16S rRNA fragments

The characterization of microbial communities of different depth sediment samples was examined by a culture-independent method and compared with physicochemical parameters, those are organic matter （OM）, total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）, pH and redox potential （Eh）. Total genomic DNA was extracted from samples derived from different depths. After they were amplified with the GC-341 f/907r primer sets of partial bacterial 16S rRNA genes, the products were separated by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE）. The profile of DGGE fingerprints of different depth sediment samples revealed that the community structure remained relatively stable along the entire 45 cm sediment core, however, principal-component analysis of DGGE patterns revealed that at greater sediment depths, successional shifts in community structure were evident. The principle coordinates analysis suggested that the bacterial communities along the sediment core could be separated into two groups, which were located 0-20 cm and 21-45 cm, respectively. The sequencing dominant bands demonstrated that the major phylogenetic groups identified by DGGE belonged to Bacillus, Bacterium, Brevibacillus, Exiguobacterium, γ-Proteobacterium, Acinetobacter sp. and some uncultured or unidentified bacteria. The results indicated the existence of highly diverse bacterial community in the lake sediment core.     

浅谈高浓度氨氮废水处理的可持续发展方向

基于可持续发展观念,简评了目前一些常用的和新研发的氨氮废水处理方法,认为既能高效脱氮又能充分回收氨的磷酸铵镁(MAP)沉淀法和可节能减耗的生物脱氮新工艺,将是未来高浓度氨氮废水处理的优先选择和发展方向。     

固定化泛菌对底泥中孔雀石绿的降解

用2%海藻酸钠对孔雀石绿高效降解菌Pantoea sp.EF192586菌株进行固定化包埋,研究固定菌对底泥中孔雀石绿的降解情况。研究结果表明:固定菌对底泥中不同浓度孔雀石绿均有降解,且0.45和0.95μg/g干重降解率更好,达80%。增加固定菌的投菌量可提高降解速率和降解率,但当投菌量增至1.5g后降解率不再增加。泥水系统中水量减少可以提高固定菌起始阶段的降解速率。当固定菌和光照联合作用时可以提高降解率。     

UBF两相生物反应器对渗滤液水质的稳定化作用

为解决渗滤液直接回灌型垃圾填埋反应器(R1)的酸化问题,利用厌氧污泥复合床(UBF)和卫生填埋反应器组合为垃圾两相厌氧消化系统(R2)对垃圾降解。结果表明,与渗滤液直接回灌的R1生物反应器系统相比,UBF型两相厌氧生物反应器系统对渗滤液中有机物质的去除率更高,COD降至24600mg/L,NH3-N浓度保持在1130mg/L,pH值始终维持在7.26,为垃圾渗滤液的后续处理工艺提供了方便。此外,UBF型两相厌氧生物反应器产气性能更好,累积产气量是R1的3.06倍。     

环境库兹涅茨曲线在规划环评中应用的探讨

以可持续发展为目标的规划环评要求对规划区域的社会经济与环境状况的相关性进行分析。文章引进了环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC),用于福建省某一石化工业基地的规划环评中的经济发展与环境保护协调性分析,研究了当地经济与工业废物排放的耦合程度,丰富了规划环评的方法。