饮用水中的消毒副产物及其控制策略

消毒副产物(disinfection by-products,DBPs)是在饮用水消毒时由消毒剂与有机或无机前体物反应生成的一类次生污染物,其由于具有致癌、致畸和致突变的三致特性在全球范围内广受关注.聚焦于饮用水中的DBPs,介绍了DBPs的主要分类和研究历程,汇总了多地饮用水中常见DBPs的浓度水平以及全球饮用水水质标准对DBP指标的管控要求.随后系统介绍了饮用水中DBPs的控制策略,包括源头控制、过程控制、末端控制以及协同控制这4大类,并对各类控制方法的优缺点进行了分析.评述了中国的DBPs研究的现有水平和未来趋势,并展望了未来有关DBPs控制方法的研究方向.一方面,在评价某种工艺或技术对DBPs的控制效果时需要考虑DBPs浓度和水质综合毒性的变化,另一方面,建议关注耦合源头、过程和末端控制技术的协同控制方法,兼顾从源头到龙头每个节点,实现对饮用水中各类DBPs的高效控制.     

镉对体外培养鸡脾淋巴细胞钙稳态的影响

为了探讨钙稳态在镉对禽类免疫抑制中的作用,以终浓度为10 pμmol·L-1的CdCI:对急性分离的鸡脾淋巴细胞进行染毒,分别在培养12、24、36、48 h和72 h时收集细胞,采用Eura-2/AM荧光标记、半定量RT-PCR和酶试剂盒比色的方法分别研究了细胞内游离钙离子浓度、CaMmRNA的表达以及钙泵的活性.结果表明,随着镉作用时间的延长,淋巴细胞内游离钙离子浓度不断升高.CaM mRNA表达水平和钙泵活性不断下降,试验组与对照组差异显著(p<0.05或P<0.01),提示镉可使淋巴细胞内钙稳态失调而发挥免疫毒性作用.     

N2填充对船舶压载水中浮游生物的影响研究

实验研究了N2对于船舶压载水中浮游生物生长的影响,旨在探讨利用船舶惰气系统抑止或灭除船舶压载水中浮游生物的可能性.实验结果表明,由N2形成的惰性气体保护层能够对压载水中的生物的生长起到明显的抑止和部分致死的效果.同时实验对比研究了N2填充作为电解法处理船舶压载水的前处理与直接电解对压载水中生物灭除的效果,表明N2填充提高了电解法处理船舶压载水的处理效果.     

海底管线微孔泄漏油滴尺寸的理论与实验研究

在前人研究气泡的基础上,把气泡的两阶段形成理论应用于油滴的形成,同时考虑了油自身的特性,包括油的密度,表面张力和粘性.基于动力学平衡关系和合理的假设,利用一定的半经验和半理论的公式,预测油滴从管口脱离后的直径.利用CCD作为工具,在水槽中模拟静止海水中海底管线微孔处连续泄漏出单个油滴的形成过程,得到实验值.把油和气体的计算值与实验值进行比较,吻合良好.     

Characteristic and mercury adsorption of activated carbon produced by CO2 of chicken waste

Preparation of activated carbon from chicken waste is a promising way to produce a useful adsorbent for Hg removal. A three-stage activation process （drying at 200℃, pyrolysis in N2 atmosphere, followed by CO2 activation） was used for the production of activated samples. The effects of carbonization temperature （409-4500℃）, activation temperature （700-900℃）, and activation time （1-2.5 h） on the physicochemical properties （weight-loss and BET surface） of the prepared carbon wereinvestigated. Adsorptive removal of mercury from real flue gas onto activated carbon has been studied. The activated carbon from chicken waste has the same mercury capacity as commercial activated carbon （Darco LH） （Hg^v： 38.7% vs. 53.5%, Hg^0： 50.5% vs. 68.8%）, although its surface area is around 10 times smaller, 89.5 m^2/g vs. 862 m^2/g. The low cost activated carbon can be produced from chicken waste, and the procedure is suitable.     

Effects of nicotinamide and riboflavin on the biodesulfurization activity of dibenzothiophene by Rhodococcus erythropolis USTB-03

Rhodococcus erythropolis USTB-03 is a promising bacterial strain for the biodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) via a sulfurspecific pathway in which DBT is converted to 2-hydroxybiphenyl (2HBP) as an end product. The effects of nicotinamide and riboflavin on the sulfur specific activity (SA) of DBT biodesulfurization by R. erythropolis USTB-03 were investigated. Both nicotinamide and riboflavin were found to enhance the expression of SA, which was not previously reported. When R. erythropolis USTB-03 was grown on a medium containing nicotinamide of 10. 0 mmol or riboflavin of 50. 0 μnol, SA was raised from 68. 0 or so to more than 130 mmol 2HBP/(kg dry cells. h). When R. erythropolis USTB-03 was grown in the presence of both nicotinamide of 5. 0 mmol and riboflavin of 25. 0 μmol, SA was further increased to 159. 0 mmol 2HBP/(kg dry cells. h). It is suggested that the biological synthesis of reduced form of flavin mononucleotide (FMNH2), an essential coenzyme for the activities of biodesulfurization enzyme Dsz C and A, might be enhanced by nicotinamide and riboflavin, which was responsible for the increased SA of R. erythropolis USTB-03.     

Multi-objective solid waste classification and identification model based on transfer learning method

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The rapid social development has given rise to a growing concern over environmental issues, one of which is the disposal of municipal solid waste....     

EDTAD-modified cassava stalks loaded with Fe3O4: highly efficient removal of Pb2+ and Zn2+ from aqueous solution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, a novel magnetic cassava stalk composite (M-EMCS) was prepared through modification with ethylenediamine tetraacetic anhydride (EDTAD)...     

船舶废气排放扩散模拟计算方法研究

基于船舶AIS数据的船舶废气排放评估计算模型,以高斯烟团扩散模型为核心,结合船舶航行和排放特征,构建移动船舶源排放烟团扩散模型。利用控制变量法,在其他变量参数相同条件下,分别设定不同风向、不同大气稳定度、不同高程平面,仿真模拟航行状态下的船舶排放烟团扩散至空间环境中的质量浓度分布情况,分析船舶在不同环境参数下的扩散特征。结果表明,仿真模拟结果与实际气体空间质量浓度分布情况相符。通过在深圳市盐田港区布设船舶废气排放岸基固定嗅探监测设备,对港区进、离港和过往船舶进行大气污染物排放组分(SO2、CO2、NO、NO2)全天在线实时监测,以SO2作为试验样本气体,船舶排放的SO2排放至监测站的模拟质量浓度与实际监测质量浓度标准误差为19.81%,在合理的误差范围内,验证了船舶废气排放扩散模拟计算方法的科学有效性。     

Environmental regulations and enterprises innovation performance: the role of R&D investments and political connections

Environment, Development and Sustainability - The purpose of this paper is to investigate the nonlinear relationship between environmental regulations and enterprise innovation performance, as well...