Bioaccumulation of zinc,lead, copper,and cadmium from contaminated sediments by native plant species and Acrida cinerea in South China

This research was conducted to search and identify spontaneously growing heavy metal-tolerant plant species that are potentially useful for phytoremediation in contaminated sediment. Five sites were selected for collection of plants growing on polluted shore (river bank) sediment of the Xiang River, China. The concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd in plants, sediments, and grasshoppers were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS700, Perkin-Elmer, USA). Considering translocation factor and bioaccumulation factor, Rumex crispus (Polygonaceae), Rumex dentatus (Polygonaceae), and Lagopsis supina (Labiatae) could be potentially useful for phytostabilization of metals. R. crispus can be considered potentially useful for phytoextraction of Cd. In light of the biomagnification factors, grasshoppers are deconcentrators for Pb and Cd, microconcentrators for Zn and macroconcentrators for Cu to the plants, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first report on Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd accumulation in R. crispus and L. supina, providing a pioneer contribution to the very small volume of data available on the potential use of native plant species from contaminated sediments in phytostabilization and phytoremediation technologies.     

The dynamics of toxic and nontoxic Microcystis during bloom in the large shallow lake,Lake Taihu,China

Lake Taihu is a large shallow freshwater lake (surface area 2,338 km², mean depth 1.9 m) in China, which has experienced toxic cyanobacterial bloom dominated by Microcystis annually during the last few decades. In the present study, the dynamics of toxic and nontoxic Microcystis in three sampling stations (Meiliang Bay (site N2), Gonghu Bay (site N4), and the lake center area (site S4)) were quantified using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) during bloom periods from April to September, 2010. Our data showed that the abundance of toxic Microcystis and the toxic proportion gradually increased from April to August in water samples and reached the peak in August. During the study period, toxic Microcystis genotypes comprised between 26.2 and 64.3, between 4.4 and 22.1, and between 10.4 and 20.6 % of the total Microcystis populations in the three sampling sites, respectively. Correlation analysis suggested that there was a strong positive relationship between total Microcystis, toxic Microcystis and the toxic proportion. Chlorophyll a, total phosphorus, and water temperature were positively correlated with the abundances of total Microcystis and toxic Microcystis. Furthermore, the toxic proportion was positively correlated with total phosphorus (P?<?0.05) and water temperature (P?<?0.01), showing that global warming together with eutrophication could promote more frequent toxic blooms.     

新疆环境监测网络的建设及发展对策

新疆环境监测网络建立三十多年来,已经初步形成了水环境、环境空气、声环境、生态环境和污染源等监测网络,较好地承担了各环境要素例行监测、突发性环境污染事故应急监测和环境科研等监测任务,为各级环保决策提供了有效的技术支持。然而,随着环境管理工作的不断深入,新疆环境监测网络所呈现的一些新老问题已成为不适应环境管理需求的制约因素,本文通过分析新疆环境监测网络中存在的问题,提出了发展对策。     

天津市PM2.5中水溶性无机离子污染特征及来源分析

2008年1、4、7月和10月在天津大气层边界站,利用中流量采样器对大气中的细粒子进行了滤膜样品采集,应用离子色谱检测技术分析了8种水溶性无机离子(Na⁺、NH₄⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺、SO₄^2-、NO₃^-和Cl^-)的含量。结果表明,天津市大气PM_2.5中总水溶性无机离子平均浓度为47.3 μg/m³,其中,SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、NH₄⁺和Cl^-是最主要的水溶性无机离子,占总离子质量分数共计87.3%,表明了天津市细粒子中的主要水溶性无机离子的特征。/2 平均比值接近1.0,显示硫酸氨是细粒子中硫酸盐的主要存在形式。NO₃^-/SO₄^2-浓度比的平均值为0.65,反映了燃煤污染与机动车尾气污染并存的复合型大气污染特征。并通过对PM_2.5中8个水溶性离子成分的主成分分析进一步揭示了其来源。     

高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子源-串联三重四极杆质谱法分析地表水中高氯酸盐

建立了高效液相色谱-电喷雾离子源-串联三重四极杆质谱(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)测定地表水中高氯酸盐的方法。以Dionex IonPac AG20阴离子交换柱为分析柱,弱碱性的0.056%氨水/5 mmol/L乙酸氨为流动相,1.0 mL/min的流速,电喷雾负离子模式电离,MS/MS串联质谱为检测器,多反应监测(MRM)模式检测高氯酸盐。方法检出限达0.043μg/L,线性范围为0.2~50μg/L,线性相关系数为0.999 4,含量分别约为2、6、30μg/L的实际样品进样10次得到的相对标准偏差分别为2.47%、4.55%、0.49%,样品加标回收率在80%~109%,将该法与US EPA method314.0进行比对,结果基本吻合。     

区域环境风险评估研究进展

简述了区域环境风险及区域环境风险评估的内涵,以及国内外区域环境风险评估研究发展进程及现状,指出了现阶段区域环境风险评估存在的问题,提出应重点开展区域环境风险发生机理、定量表征区域环境风险方法等研究的展望。     

直接进样-高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析水中微囊藻毒素

建立了直接进样-高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱分析环境水样中微囊藻毒素-LR的分析方法。方法使用C18反相柱为分离柱,柱温40℃,流速0.7 mL/min,乙腈和甲酸水溶液(0.1%)作流动相,采用梯度洗脱,保留时间4.13 min。串联质谱采用多反应监测模式,使用ESI(+)源电离水样。在上述条件下,水样过粒径为0.45μm的滤头后可直接进样,进样体积25μL时检出限可达0.04μg/L,在0.10~200μg/L范围内线性良好(R=0.999 8);样品加标回收率为96.6%~106%,相对标准偏差为1.3%~5.6%。同时方法应用到实际环境水样分析中也具有令人满意的结果。该方法灵敏度高,快速简单,适用于环境水样中MC-LR的分析。     

Development of a multi-criteria index ranking system for urban runoff best management practices (BMPs) selection

Low impact development best management practices (LID-BMPs) are considered to be cost-effective measures for mitigating the water quantity and quality impact of urban runoff. Currently, there are many types of LID-BMPs, and each type has its own intrinsic technical and/or economical characteristics and limitations for implementation. The selection of the most appropriate BMP type(s) for a specific installation site is therefore a very important planning step. In the present study, a multi-criteria selection index system (MCIS) for LID-BMP planning was developed. The selection indexes include 12 first-level indices and 26 second-level indices which reflect the specific installation site characteristics pertaining to site suitability, runoff control performance, and economics of implementation. A mechanism for ranking the BMPs was devised. First, each individual second-level index was assigned a numeric value that was based on site characteristics and information on LID-BMPs. The quantified indices were normalized and then integrated to obtain the score for each of the first-level index. The final evaluation scores of each LID-BMP were then calculated based on the scores for the first-level indices. Finally, the appropriate BMP types for a specific installation site were determined according to the rank of the final evaluation scores. In order to facilitate the application of the MCIS BMP ranking system, the computational process has been coded into a software program, BMPSELEC. A case study demonstrating the MCIS methodology, using an LID-BMP implementation planning at a college campus in Foshan, Guangdong Province, is presented.     

环境监测实验室方法确认过程中常见问题探讨

根据实验室资质认定对于方法确认的要求,结合环境监测实验室的特点,提出了新项目方法确认的具体步骤,并分析了其中存在的常见问题。指出在方法确认过程中,应严格按照标准方法和监测技术规范进行全过程试验,尤其不能忽视采样现场实验、空白实验和检出限的测定。建议在精密度与准确度检验过程中,使用高、中、低不同浓度的有证标准样品,实际样品加标回收,比对试验（方法比对、人员比对、实验室间比对）,增加分析次数等多种手段,确保新项目开展的可靠性。     

对地级市空气自动监测多参数站建设的思考

阐述了地级市空气自动监测多参数站(超级站)建设的必要性,提出了统筹考虑、分期实施与突出重点、兼顾一般的建设思路,介绍了站房选址原则。指出超级站建设应以常规监测、霾监测、光化学烟雾监测、空间立体监测和源解析监测为目标,实施质量控制和质量保证手段,设置数据采集和显示平台,满足对大气复合污染的监测需求。