湖北臭氧分布特征及其管控措施

采用地面站点观测、卫星观测以及UWCM 0-D箱子模型模拟的方法研究湖北2013—2015年臭氧时空分布特征,并探讨其管控措施。从地面站点观测看出,时间分布上,这3年臭氧年平均浓度经历先下降后上升的过程,总体呈上升趋势,而二氧化氮年平均浓度则呈现持续下降的趋势;空间分布上,湖北各区域臭氧浓度分布不均匀,呈现东高西低的递减分布趋势。从卫星观测数据看出,2015年湖北的臭氧柱浓度高于2013、2014年同期。从空间分布来看,臭氧的柱浓度是从东北到西南、从省外到省内逐渐递减,因此推测,除了本地生成,湖北的臭氧有一部分是来源于省外传输。最大臭氧生成量法显示,烯烃(乙烯和丙烯)对湖北夏天臭氧生成量的贡献远大于其他挥发性有机化合物。箱子模型模拟的结果显示,湖北应该通过控制挥发性有机化合物的排放来降低臭氧生成速率,控制氮氧化物反而使臭氧生成速率提高。     

噻吩在离子液体中的电化学聚合及其在模拟汽油脱硫中的应用

研究了噻吩在离子液体[HMIM] BF4,[BMIM] BF4和[BMIM] PF6中的电化学聚合,实验证明,噻吩在三种离子液体中均能聚合.将噻吩在离子液体中的电化学聚合应用于模拟汽油脱硫.结果表明:在三种离子液体中都实现了电化学脱除模拟汽油样品中的含硫物质--噻吩.对于不同的离子液体而言,脱硫的最佳电流密度不同,但噻吩的脱除效果均能达到50%-90%.     

工业电缆隧道水雾喷头的布置及其效果验证

为保证工业电缆隧道的高效灭火,设计一套合理的水雾喷头布置方案,并利用流体动力学软件FDS对隧道从发生火灾到水喷头动作达到灭火效果的全过程进行模拟计算,对设计方案进行可行性验证.     

Floristic Characteristics and Biodiversity Patterns in the Baishuijiang River Basin,China

A case study was conducted on the forest ecosystem in the Baishuijiang River basin of China to reveal the influences of environmental factors and human disturbance on the floristic characteristics and biodiversity patterns. Field surveys of the floristic composition, environmental factors, and disturbance factors were conducted along an elevation gradient, and the relationships between biodiversity pattern and environmental factors were analyzed using CCA (canonical correspondence analysis). The results showed that the floristic composition of higher plants consisted of 197 families, 796 genera, 2165 species, 19 subspecies, 239 varietas, and 12 forma, and it was characterized by the multi-geographic composition and by the transition from tropical to temperate zones. Along an elevation gradient, the variations in α and β diversity were best described by a bimodal curve, and the peak values occurred at middle elevations. The CCA indicated that the elevation had the greatest influence on the biodiversity pattern, followed by the topographic index, slope direction, slope, slope position, slope shape, and vegetation coverage. In addition, human disturbance has greatly impacted the floristic composition and biodiversity patterns, and the biodiversity indices were higher with intermediate disturbance at middle elevations compared to higher and lower disturbances at low and high elevations, respectively. This reflected a disturbance–diversity pattern and thus revealed the obvious importance to maintain the intermediate disturbance for biodiversity conservation.     

Adaptive management of the Great Barrier Reef and the Grand Canyon world heritage areas

Conventional perceptions of the interactions between people and their environment are rapidly transforming. Old paradigms that view humans as separate from nature, natural resources as inexhaustible or endlessly substitutable, and the world as stable, predictable, and in balance are no longer tenable. New conceptual frameworks are rapidly emerging based on an adaptive approach that focuses on learning and flexible management in a dynamic social-ecological landscape. Using two iconic World Heritage Areas as case studies (the Great Barrier Reef and the Grand Canyon) we outline how an improved integration of the scientific and social aspects of natural resource management can guide the evolution of multiscale systems of governance that confront and cope with uncertainty, risk, and change in an increasingly human-dominated world.     

环境空气PM_(2.5)和PM_(10)监测分析质量保证及其评价

为保证四城市ＰＭ２５和ＰＭ１０的监测数据准确,具有可比性,本研究规定了滤膜的选择、称量操作步骤的要求和滤膜称量的质控指标。研究结果表明,粗细颗粒物样品的采集和称量操作可行,监测数据准确、可靠,具有可比性。     

超声氧化降解糠醛废水的研究

采用超声与氧化技术联合处理糠醛废水,其COD去除率可达87%,同时考察了反应时间、温度、初始浓度、超声频率、超声功率、H2O2和FeSO4初始浓度等工艺参数对COD去除效果的影响,为处理该种废水提供了一种清洁、简便、低能耗的净化方法.     

Investigation on the influence of the Bohai Sea Geological Environment on the submarine stratum stability based on data mining: an intelligent prediction model

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Bohai Sea has unique characteristics of the marine geological environment, with strong water closure and weak self-purification ability....     

莲藕中重金属含量特征及其健康风险评价

以保定市市售莲藕和雄安新区白洋淀野生藕苗为研究对象,采用硝酸-高氯酸消解体系,电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)和原子荧光分光光度计(AFS)测定了莲藕中铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、砷(As)的含量,对比分析了市售莲藕和野生藕苗不同部位(藕肉、藕皮、藕节)重金属的含量特征,并运用内梅罗综合污染指数法和单因子污染指数法及目标危害系数法评价了莲藕重金属污染状况及其对人体的健康风险.结果表明,采集的莲藕样品中Pb、Cd、As均有不同程度超标,其中Pb超标最高,且变异系数最大(100%),藕肉、藕皮、藕节中Pb超标率分别为23.08%,53.85%和38.46%.市售莲藕中重金属平均含量表现为:藕节藕皮藕肉,其中藕皮和藕节中重金属含量达轻污染(P_综分别为1.02和1.55),藕肉中3种重金属含量达警戒级(P_综为0.85);野生藕苗藕皮中重金属污染较为严重,属于轻污染(P_综为1.44).市售莲藕和野生藕苗中单一重金属的目标危害系数(THQ)均表现为AsPbCd,且无论是成人还是儿童,其TTHQ值均1,说明不存在明显的健康风险,考虑到藕皮和藕节中重金属含量较高,因此建议在食用莲藕时,应削去藕皮和藕节,以降低对成人和儿童的健康风险.     

生物膜-活性污泥复合工艺处理养猪废水的中试启动及运行

采用生物膜-活性污泥复合工艺处理养猪废水,研究了该工艺的启动过程,分析比较了不同水力停留时间对污染物的去除情况。研究表明:随着水力停留时间的减少,各污染物的去除效果都有一定程度的降低,而氨氮容积去除负荷从(0.086±0.008)kg/(m3·d)增加到(0.170±0.038)kg/(m3·d),最高可达0.22 kg/(m3·d)。本工艺的最佳进水容积负荷为0.07⁰.12 kg/(m3·d),此时NH+4-N和COD的去除率分别为(94.18±2.78)%和(73.83±9.13)%。稳定运行期间出水NH+4-N和COD基本都能满足GB 18596—2001《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》的要求。