云南稻核心种质F2主要形态性状变异及地理生态研究

种质资源是水稻育种的重要基因来源.掌握育种材料遗传背景信息,可为发掘优异种质,选育优良性状新品种提供依据.以548份云南稻核心种和云南主栽籼稻品利慎屯502(Oryza satica)、粳稻品种合系35(Oryzasatica)配制的杂种F2(498份)为材料,采用群体遗传学的方法,研究云南稻核心种质杂种F2代的11个形态性状的综合变异系数、遗传多样性指数(Shannon指数)及其地理分布.结果表明:(1)F2存在明显的性状分化和遗传变异,以有效穗、穗颈长、穗下节长、每穗实粒数、秕粒数、总粒数和结实率的综合变异系数高,遗传多样性丰富;(2)滇西南(临沧、思茅、德宏、西双版纳)和滇东南(文山、红河)的材料在表型性状上存在更大的分化,综合变异系数高,遗传多样性丰富;保山、昭通、曲靖次之;怒江、丽江、迪庆、大理最低.     

Leaching behavior of heavy metals and PAHs from MSWI bottom ash in a long-term static immersing experiment

Bottom ash is the main solid residue (in weight) which is produced by municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) facilities. This material is composed of a mineral matrix and may be used as secondary raw material for construction purpose. However, for this specific application the leaching behavior of the environmentally relevant elements under field conditions is different from the predicted behavior based on results obtained from the standardized leaching test. Therefore, a 70-day simulative experiment has been carried out in this study to investigate the release of major heavy metals (Cu and Pb) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from several particle fractions of bottom ash under a static leaching condition, where bottom ash was immersed in water at different initial pH values. Results showed that: (1) the leaching behavior of Cu and Pb was much similar with that depicted by the standardized leaching tests, and fit well with the solubility-controlling mechanism; (2) the sorption mechanism on the neoformed phases may control the solubility of Pb, whereas the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) may play an important role in the solubility of Cu; and (3) the leached PAHs were degraded during the later period of leaching process.     

黄地老虎NPV增效作用的研究

对黄地老虎核型多角体病毒（ＡｓＮＰＶ）的多角体蛋白和病毒粒子组分进行分离纯化,分别与棉铃虫核型多角体病毒（ＨａＮＰＶ）混合感染三龄棉铃虫幼虫,发现此二种组分均能够提高棉铃虫幼虫的死亡率,缩短半致死时间,降低半致死浓度。使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ＥＬＩＳＡ）技术检验ＡｓＮＰＶ多角体蛋白和病毒粒子与粘虫颗粒体病毒增效因子（ＰｓＧＶ－ＳＦ）和ＨａＮＰＶ多角体蛋白的同源性,发现ＡｓＮＰＶ多角体蛋白和病毒粒子与     

从顽拗植物荔枝中提取基因组DNA技术的研究

针对荔枝体内含有大量影响ＤＮＡ提取质量的多酚等次生代谢物质的特点,在常规ＳＤＳ和ＣＴＡＢ提取方法的基础上做了技术改进,即在核裂解之间先破碎细胞,将存在于细胞质中次生物质除去后再裂解细胞核,同时加入活性炭以吸咐杂质反复清洗几次后加入核型解液释放基因组ＤＮＡ,纯化之后经外观和电泳检测,以及Ｄ２６０ｎｍ和Ｄ２８０ｎｍ比值的测定,限制性内切酶反应,ＰＣＲ扩增的结果表明,用改进方法提取的ＤＮＡ无论在纯度上还     

苯酚类化合物对日本长腿蛙蝌蚪的急性毒性与构效关系研究

利用半静态法测定了21种取代苯酚类化合物对日本长腿蛙蝌蚪的24h 急性致死毒性(24h-LC50),并进行了定量结构活性相关研究.研究表明:大部分酚类化合物的毒性表现为极性麻醉作用.影响毒性的因素有化合物的疏水性、电性及离解行为等.     

污泥果肥利用中重金属迁移特征研究

为了厦门城市污泥的安全利用,将石渭头污水处理厂污泥经过好氧堆肥后施用于柚子树,对重金属元素在土壤、树叶及果肉中的迁移特征进行了研究。结果表明：Cd在土壤中的富集能力强;重金属元素从土壤向树叶迁移累积能力比向果肉的大得多,污泥肥料不能用于叶类食用植物的施用;Cr向树叶、Ni向果肉的迁移累积能力强;泥肥的施用加重了土壤中Cd的污染,提高了Cr向树叶、Ni向果肉的迁移能力;污泥果肥利用需降低Ni的浓度,对污泥中含量较高的Cu、Zn、Ni、Cr和Cd需进行跟踪检测。     

浙江省酸雨的空间分布格局及其未来变化趋势预测

利用浙江省1992、2002年的酸雨监测数据,并利用RAINS-ASIA模型模拟了1990-2030年浙江省酸雨前体物(SO2)的排放量,以及酸沉降超临界负荷面积占研究区域面积比例的变化情况.结果表明,浙江省的酸雨分布范围不断扩大、危害程度不断加重;未来一个时期内,SO2排放量都会维持在较高的水平;酸沉降超临界负荷面积所占比例在经历较快的增长阶段之后,会维持在较为恒定的水平,并呈现出明显的时滞性.     

两种改性剂对多氯联苯污染土壤协同热脱附影响研究

采用热脱附技术处理多氯联苯污染土壤已经成为了一种主要的场地修复方式。为提高热脱附效率,降低能耗,以典型电力电容器污染土壤为对象,采用2种改性剂(零价纳米铁和氢氧化钠)研究协同热脱附下多氯联苯的去除效率、分布特性及毒性当量。结果表明纳米铁和NaOH存在的条件下,有效提高了多氯联苯和毒性当量的去除效率,在较低温度下尤其显著,因此添加改性剂能够有效地促进热脱附过程。纳米铁的协同热脱附机理为显著强化了热脱附过程的传质传热,同时伴有一定的脱氯降解。NaOH的添加在较低温度下实现了较强的脱氯降解作用,加氢脱氯机理可用来解释协同热脱附过程中多氯联苯的脱氯反应过程。上述研究结果为多氯联苯污染土壤的场地修复提供理论基础。     

Removal of phosphate from wastewater using alkaline residue

Alkaline residue(AR) was found to be an efficient adsorbent for phosphate removal from wastewater. The kinetic and equilibrium of phosphate removal were investigated to evaluate the performance of modified alkaline residue. After treatment by NaOH(AR-NaOH), removal performance was significantly improved, while removal performance was almost completely lost after treatment by HCl(AR-HCl). The kinetics of the removal process by all adsorbents was well characterized by the pseudo second-order model. The Langmuir model exhibited the best correlation for AR-HCl, while AR was effectively described by Freundlich model. Both models were well fitted to AR-NaOH. The maximum adsorption capacities calculated from Langmuir equation were in following manner: AR-NaOH AR AR-HCl. Phosphate removal by alkaline residue was pH dependent process. Mechanisms for phosphate removal mainly involved adsorption and precipitation, varied with equilibrium pH of solution. For AR-HCl, the acid equilibrium pH( 6.0) was unfavorable for the formation of Ca-P precipitate, with adsorption as the key mechanism for phosphate removal. In contrast, for AR and ARNaOH, precipitation was the dominant mechanism for phosphate removal, due to the incrase on pH( 8.0) after phosphate removal. The results of both XRD and SEM analysis confirmed CaHPO4·2H2O formation after phosphate removal by AR and AR-NaOH.     

鄱阳湖平原浅层地下水有机污染物含量特征与健康风险评价

为掌握鄱阳湖平原地下水的有机物污染状况,采样并分析了该区地下水中14种挥发性有机物(VOCs)与10种半挥发性有机物(SVOCs)的含量,利用美国环境保护署(USEPA)的健康风险评价模型对其进行健康风险评价。结果表明:鄱阳湖平原地下水的这些有机物的检出率为3. 03%～27. 27%,其中14种VOCs的检出率为6. 06%～15. 15%,10种SVOCs的检出率为3. 03%～27. 27%,部分区域地下水受有机物污染,主要污染物为1,1,2-三氯乙烷、苯并(a)芘和萘;使用内梅罗多项指标的综合污染指数评价污染程度,区域有机物污染特征分为无污染、轻度污染、中度污染以及严重污染四个等级,污染源主要来自杀虫剂、石油化工企业和垃圾填埋场;有机的致癌物质通过饮用途径产生的健康风险远大于非致癌物质的健康风险,其中三氯乙烯、1,1-二氯乙烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷、1,2-二氯丙烷、1,1,2-三氯乙烷、苯并[a]芘等通过饮水产生的致癌风险水平分别为最小可接受水平10-6的7. 06、1. 06、18. 7、54、1. 64、14. 4、2. 87倍,a-六六六通过饮水途径引起的致癌风险水平甚至高达1. 03×10~(-4),是区域地下水中主要致癌风险物质。研究成果可为鄱阳湖平原地下水水质污染状况研究及治理监管工作提供理论依据,为其他区域地下水有机物的监测和质量控制提供参考和借鉴。