电厂循环冷却排污水的回用研究

针对电厂循环冷却排污水的处理技术进行了中试研究。采用超滤、反渗透的工艺处理电厂循环冷却排污水，处理后的水能够满足低压锅炉补充水的要求。该工艺为循环冷却排污水的再利用开辟了一条新途径，既节约了水资源，又减少了环境污染。     

电厂循环冷却排污水的回用研究

针对电厂循环冷却排污水的处理技术进行了中试研究.采用超滤、反渗透的工艺处理电厂循环冷却排污水,处理后的水能够满足低压锅炉补充水的要求.该工艺为循环冷却排污水的再利用开辟了一条新途径,既节约了水资源,又减少了环境污染.     

广州市城市林业管理信息系统的研制开发

将ＧＩＳ技术引进技术林业研究，建立广州市城市林业管理信息系统，该系统具有采集，管理，分析和更新多种区域空间信息的能力，其分六个子系统，公园管理子系统，绿地管理子系统、市郊森林管理子系统、管理机构管理子系统，法规文件管理子系统。可以文字，数据，报表，图形，录像和声音等方式输入、存储、显示、输出绿化系统各类信息，并能随时查阅，检索、修改、录入、删除各类信息。     

李秉衡与清末兵灾赈济

作为清末督抚级重要人物,李秉衡在中法战争和甲午中日战争期间及之后都进行了赈济活动.在中法战争期间,他首先设立兵站,截留散兵溃卒,整顿军队,加强军需饷械的运输和管理工作;接着又创设医局,救治伤病员.战后继续救济流民和游勇,以工代赈修复镇南关和龙州,奖恤殉职官员.甲午中日战争期间,为保障战时供应,李秉衡多方筹集粮饷,解决兵民的生计问题;战后全力赈济灾民,致力于灾后重建;抚恤官员;重视安置游兵散勇;协赈其他灾区.李秉衡在清末战争状态下的赈济活动,乃晚清兵灾赈济的标本,是后人透视时代原貌的窗口.     

从一起溅压渣油罐火灾事故谈事故调查分析

分析了日本某炼油厂一起减压渣油罐火灾事故,讨论了应如何深入进行事故调查分析.     

Physiological signal analysis for fatigue level of experienced and inexperienced drivers

Objective: We studied the changes in driving fatigue levels of experienced and inexperienced drivers at 3 periods of the day: 9:00 a.m.–12:00 p.m., 12:00 p.m.–2:00 p.m., and 4:00 p.m.–6:00 p.m.

Methods: Thirty drivers were involved in 120-min real-car driving, and sleepiness ratings (Stanford Sleepiness Scale, SSS; Hoddes et al. 1973 Hoddes E, Zarcone V, Smythe H, Phillips R, Dement WC. Quantification of sleepiness: a new approach. Psychophysiology. 1973;10:431–436.[Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), electroencephalogram (EEG) signals, and heart rates (HRs) were recorded. Together with principal component analysis, the relationship between EEG signals and HR was explored and used to determine a comprehensive indicator of driving fatigue. Then the comprehensive indicator was assessed via paired t test.

Results: Experienced and inexperienced drivers behaved significantly differently in terms of subjective fatigue during preliminary trials. At the beginning of trials and after termination, subjective fatigue level was aggravated with prolonged continuous driving. Moreover, we discussed the changing rules of EEG signals and HR and found that with prolonged time, the ratios of δ and β waves significantly declined, whereas that of the θ wave significantly rose. The ratio of (α + θ)/β significantly rose both before trials and after termination, but HR dropped significantly. However, one-factor analysis of variance shows that driving experience significantly affects the θ wave, (α + θ)/β ratio, and HR.

Conclusions: We found that in a monotonous road environment, fatigue symptoms occurred in inexperienced drivers and experienced drivers after about 60 and 80 min of continuous driving, respectively. Therefore, as for drivers with different experiences, restriction on continuous driving time would avoid fatigued driving and thereby eliminate traffic accidents. We find that the comprehensive indicator changes significantly with fatigue level. The integration of different indicators improves the recognition accuracy of different driving fatigue levels.     

Environmental impact and health risk assessment of volatile organic compound emissions during different seasons in Beijing

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major contributors to air pollution. Based on the emission characteristics of 99 VOCs that daily measured at 10 am in winter from 15 December 2015 to 17 January 2016 and in summer from 21 July to 25 August 2016 in Beijing, the environmental impact and health risk of VOC were assessed. In the winter polluted days, the secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAP) of VOC (199.70 ± 15.05 μg/m³) was significantly higher than that on other days. And aromatics were the primary contributor (98.03%) to the SOAP during the observation period. Additionally, the result of the ozone formation potential (OFP) showed that ethylene contributed the most to OFP in winter (26.00% and 27.64% on the normal and polluted days). In summer, however, acetaldehyde was the primary contributor to OFP (22.00% and 21.61% on the normal and polluted days). Simultaneously, study showed that hazard ratios and lifetime cancer risk values of acrolein, chloroform, benzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, acetaldehyde and 1,3-butadiene exceeded the thresholds established by USEPA, thereby presenting a health risk to the residents. Besides, the ratio of toluene-to-benzene indicated that vehicle exhausts were the main source of VOC pollution in Beijing. The ratio of m-/p-xylene-to-ethylbenzene demonstrated that there were more prominent atmospheric photochemical reactions in summer than that in winter. Finally, according to the potential source contribution function (PSCF) results, compared with local pollution sources, the spread of pollution from long-distance VOCs had a greater impact on Beijing.     

洪家渡、东风电站在梯级开发中的环境经济发展影响

乌江是长江上游四大支流之一,水量丰富,流量均衡,平均比降大,是我国水能资源的一个“富矿”地区。从６０年代末开始,国家在流域内规划建设１１个梯级电站,其中的洪家渡、东风电站是乌江干流梯级开发中的龙头电站,其环境经济状况及成效将对其他库站产生较大的影响。为此,本文重点从其环境经济发展方面作有关的相关效应评述。     

湖南主要农田土壤中氮的形态

本试验采集了湖南省八种主要母质发育的２３个农田土壤耕层样本，其中水田土壤１６个，旱地土壤７个．将土壤氮分为七级．即交换性ＮＨ４＋十ＮＯ３－，水解性ＮＨ４＋，氨基糖氮，可溶性碱稳定态氮，酸溶性腐殖质态氮，固定态ＮＨ４＋，难溶性腐殖质态氮。分析结果表明，土壤中交换性ＮＨ４＋十ＮＯ３－的含量为２２．０土９．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，占全氮的１．７土０．７％；水解性ＮＨ４＋为３２４．４土１０９．５ｍｇ／ｋｇ，占全氮的２３．９±５．６％；氨基糖氮为１１８．９土４３．０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，占全氮的９．１土３．２％；可溶性碱稳定态氮为４９７．１土２０５．８ｍｇ／ｋｇ，占全氮的３６．２土８．３％；酸溶性腐殖质态氮为２９．２土１０．２ｍｇ／ｋｇ，占全氮的１３土０．８％；固定态ＮＨ４＋为４７．２土２４．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ，占全氮的３．６±１．７％；难溶性腐殖质态氮为３４１．３土２７０．８ｍｇ／ｋｇ，占全氮的２２．２土１１．６％。     

Alkanes and hopanes for pollution source apportionment in coking plant soils

Polluted soils of former coking plants are characterized by multiple organic contributions, e.g. coal tar, coal, coke, soot, and natural organic matter, that can either be sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) or act as sorption surfaces for pollutants. The contamination level is usually based on the quantification of 16 PAHs but it does not provide any information on PAH sources. We studied the aliphatic fractions of 25 soil samples from a former coking plant site by microscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The microscopic investigation allowed to identify four main organic contributions: coal tar, coal, coke, and natural organic matter. These isolated sources were analyzed and considered as reference materials. Although the PAH distributions were very similar in the 25 contaminated soils, alkanes and hopanes distributions were representative from various contributions characterizing the relative enrichment in coal, coal tars, or natural organic matter. Two principal component analyses based on n-alkanes and hopanes showed that three molecular indices, the carbon preference index, the low molecular weight/high molecular weight n-alkanes ratio, and the 18α(H)-22,29,30-trisnorhopane/(18α(H)-22,29,30-trisnorhopane+17α(H)-22,29,30-trisnorhopane) ratio allow to classify polluted soils according to various organic contributions.