纳米银和PVP包被纳米银对HepG2细胞遗传毒性的比较研究

为了探讨纳米银对HepG2细胞DNA损伤、染色体畸变等遗传毒性指标的影响,以期为纳米银体外遗传毒性评价提供参考依据,本文采用2种纳米银材料(20 nm-PVP包被纳米银、20 nm-无包被纳米银),分别以20μg·mL~(-1)、40μg·mL~(-1)、80μg·mL~(-1)、160μg·mL~(-1)的剂量对HepG2细胞染毒24 h,用Hoechst-33258染色法检测细胞凋亡,彗星实验检测DNA损伤,胞质分裂阻滞微核细胞组学试验法检测染色体畸变。结果表明,20 nm Ag NPs组在160μg·mL~(-1)时引起细胞凋亡数显著增多(P0.05);20 nm PVP-Ag NPs组在80μg·mL~(-1)和160μg·mL~(-1)剂量组中细胞凋亡数显著增多(P0.01)。2种纳米银引起HepG2细胞发生细胞凋亡,并呈剂量效应关系。彗星试验结果表明,20 nm Ag NPs和20 nm PVP-Ag NPs在40μg·mL~(-1)、80μg·mL~(-1)、160μg·mL~(-1)剂量组中,Olive尾矩、尾长和尾部DNA百分比与空白对照组相比均有显著差异(P0.05)。2种纳米银对HepG2细胞DNA损伤程度为:20 nm Ag NPs20 nm PVP-Ag NPs。胞质分裂阻滞微核细胞组学试验结果表明,2种纳米银均不会引起核质桥数发生明显改变(P0.05),20 nm Ag NPs在高染毒剂量下引起微核总数、I型微核、II型微核、核芽数明显升高(P0.05);20 nm PVP-Ag NPs在各染毒剂量下均会引起微核总数及I型微核数量升高(P0.01),II型微核数在160μg·mL~(-1)剂量下升高明显(P0.01),剂量大于20μg·mL~(-1)时核芽数升高(P0.01)。20 nm PVP-Ag NPs对细胞核的影响大于20 nm Ag NPs(P0.05)。总之,2种纳米银材料均会引起HepG2细胞DNA损伤及染色体畸变等遗传毒性效应的改变,无包被纳米银比PVP包被纳米银更容易引起DNA损伤,PVP包被纳米银比无包被纳米银更容易引起细胞染色体畸变相关效应;2种材料对HepG2细胞的损伤存在浓度-效应关系,浓度越高遗传毒性损伤越严重。     

Fabrication and photocatalytic ability of an Au/TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite

A new type of Au/TiO₂/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposite was fabricated by the hydrothermal synthesis of TiO₂ on graphene oxide followed by the photodeposition of Au nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that Au nanoparticles were loaded onto the surface of both TiO₂ and RGO. Au/TiO₂/RGO had a better photocatalytic activity than Au/ TiO₂ for the degradation of phenol. Electrochemical measurements indicated that Au/TiO₂/RGO had an improved charge transfer capability. Meanwhile, chemiluminescent analysis and electron spin resonance spectroscopy revealed that Au/TiO₂/RGO displayed high production of hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals in the photocatalytic process. This high photocatalytic performance was achieved via the addition of RGO in Au/TiO₂/RGO, where RGO served not only as a catalyst support to provide more sites for the deposition of Au nanoparticles but also as a collector to accept electrons from TiO₂ to effectively reduce photogenerated charge recombination.

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VASC-SCL工艺在焦炉煤气脱硫中的应用

介绍了真空碳酸钠-克劳斯工艺在焦化厂焦炉煤气脱硫及硫回收中的应用,主要介绍了工艺流程、主要设备和监测结果,并对此工艺进行了简要评价。     

Prediction of soil organic partition coefficients by a soil leaching column chromatographic method

The soil organic partition coefficient (Koc) is one of the most important parameters to depict the transfer and fate of a chemical in the soil-water system. Predicting Koc by using a chromatographic technique has been developing into a convenient and low-cost method. In this paper, a soil leaching column chromatograpy (SLCC) method employing the soil column packed with reference soil GSE 17201 (obtained from Bayer Landwirtschaftszentrum, Monheim, Germany) and methanol-water eluents was developed to predict the Koc of hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs), over a log Koc range of 4.8 orders of magnitude, from their capacity factors. The capacity factor with water as an eluent (k'w) could be obtained by linearly extrapolating capacity factors in methanol-water eluents (k'w) with various volume fractions of methanol (symbol in text). The important effects of solute activity coefficients in water on k'w and Koc were illustrated. Hence, the correlation between log Koc and log k'w (and log k') exists in the soil. The correlation coefficient (r) of the log Koc vs. log k'w correlation for 58 apolar and polar compounds could reach 0.987, while the correlation coefficients of the log Koc -log k' correlations were no less than 0.968, with (symbol in text)ranging from 0 to 0.50. The smaller the (symbol in text), the higher the r. Therefore, it is recommended that the eluent of smaller (symbol in text), such as water, be used for accurately estimating Koc. Correspondingly, the r value of the log Koc -log k'w correlation on a reversed-phase Hypersil ODS (Thermo Hypersil, Kleinostheim, Germany) column was less than 0.940 for the same solutes. The SLCC method could provide a more reliable route to predict Koc indirectly from a correlation with k'w than the reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (RPLC) one.     

甲醇溶液中多氯联苯的微波降解

采用微波降解多氯联苯，对影响多氯联苯降解率的反应温度、反应时间、搅拌方式、试剂加入量等因素进行了考察和优化，结果表明：在反应温度为50℃、反应时间为10min、充分搅拌的条件下，溶液中多氯联苯的降解率可达99．999％。经初步分析确定，多氯联苯的降解产物为无毒的烃类、碳、氯离子和水等物质。     

城市小康社会安全指标体系设计

城市安全是我国小康社会安全的关键和重要组成部分 ,科学地设计城市小康社会的安全指标体系 ,对于定量地分析和认识城市安全的状况 ,科学地评价安全的社会价值有着现实的意义。笔者首先提出了安全小康社会的概念及其发展目标的体系和原则 ;然后结合我国的政府管理部门需要 ,定义了城市安全的 12大领域 ,并设计了指标体系 ,包括社会稳定、社会治安、公共场所安全、公共卫生、交通安全、生产安全、食品安全、减灾防灾、人口安全、环境安全、能源安全及宏观综合。每个具体指标都是在研究该安全领域具体现状的基础上 ,经过分析影响其安全状况的重要因素设计而成的。城市小康社会安全指标体系能够应用于评价城市的总体安全状况。     

Elutriation characteristics of fine particles from bubbling fluidized bed incineration for sludge cake treatment

In this study, measurements of elutriation rate were carried out in a bench scale bubbling fluidized bed incinerator, which was used to combust sludge cake. The particle size distribution and ignition loss were analyzed to study the elutriation characteristics of bubbling fluidized bed incineration. Drawn from the experimental data, the elutriation rate constant K(i)* for fine particles were obtained and correlated with parameters. It was found that most of the solid particles (about 95%) elutriated came from the fluidized medium (inorganic matters), but few came from unburned carbon particles or soot (about 5%). Finally, this paper lists a comparison of K(i)* between this study and the published prediction equations derived or studied in non-incineration modes of fluidized bed. A new and modified correlation is proposed here to estimate the elutriation rate of fine particles emitted from a bubbling fluidized bed incinerator. Primary operation variables (superficial gas velocity and incineration temperature) affecting the elutriation rate are also discussed in the paper.     

中青年人群对于地铁站疏散标识的决策行为模拟分析

目的是模拟分析地铁火灾时不同行为特点中青年人群对疏散标识的决策反应。方法采用构建地铁站台火灾时烟气蔓延的三维空间模型,在中青年人群中进行应急疏散的仿真实验,利用统计分析软件SPSSv14.0对采集到的数据进行统计分析。结果得到性别、成长环境和专业背景等不同人员行为特点与疏散标识决策反应的相关性,并对疏散标识的字体、图案特性进行选优。得出结论,性别、成长环境和专业背景与人员对不同疏散标识的决策反应有一定的相关性。图形为主要设计元素的疏散标识是地铁站台火灾烟气条件下疏散人员的优先选择。     

贵州近期的滑坡活动及防治对策

贵州是一个生态环境脆弱、滑坡灾害频繁的山区省份。在调查分析２３７个典型滑坡的基础上，阐述了贵州近期滑坡活动的主要类型、特征及分布规律，探讨了滑坡的形成条件和机理。指出人为工程活动和降雨条件是诱发贵州近期滑坡活动的主要因子，并据此提出了相应的防治对策。     

农村生态环境分区的数量化方法─—以鞍山市为例

运用聚类分析和地理信息系统相结合的方法，选择了１８个指标和７８个分区单元，将鞍山市农村生态环境划分成８个区，作出分布图，并分别给出了各分区的主要特征。