城市屋面绿化生态热效应

文章在享有“火炉”这称的山城重庆夏末季节对草坪层面与水泥屋面的热特性进行了对比实测分析,研究结果表明草坪屋面具有显著的生态热效应。     

活性艳红染料在高岭土上的表面增强拉曼光谱研究

利用化学还原的方法制备银溶胶，通过在吸附了活性艳红的高岭土基体上沉积银，获得了活性艳红在高岭土上的表面增强拉曼光谱，探讨了活性艳红在高岭土上的吸附机理．结果表明，活性艳红和银溶胶均以范德华力和静电引力直接吸附于高岭土上。且银溶胶对活性艳红在高岭土上的拉曼信号有显著的增强效应。     

闽东南土壤岩石中天然放射性核素水平调查研究

报道了闽东南地区土壤岩石中天然放射性核素含量调查的结果。调查布点基本与环境陆地γ辐射剂量率调查布点同位。该调查结果表明 :闽东南地区由花岗岩、混合岩和中酸性火山岩就地分化残留物沉积而成的酸性红壤土中的2 38U、2 32 Th、2 2 6 Ra、4 0 K放射性核素平均含量分别为 62 .3Bq/kg、73 .2Bq/kg、1 1 5Bq/kg和 872Bq/kg ;2 38U、2 2 6 Ra含量 ,花岗岩类 >中酸性火山岩类 变质岩类 >基性岩类 ;2 32 Th、4 0 K含量 ,中酸性火山岩类 >花岗岩类 变质岩类 >基性岩类 ,与不同岩石所在地区原野γ辐射剂量率、室外空气中2 2 2 Rn及其子体浓度的测定结果基本一致。     

废旧塑料用于印染废水脱色研究

探讨了在阳离子助剂及十二烷基苯磺酸钠存在下,利用废旧塑料对阴离子染料的脱色工艺。结果表明,此脱色工艺具有脱色温度低、时间短、脱色率高、操作简单等优点。     

过硫酸盐缓释材料释放性能的影响因素研究

运用不同配比制备多种过硫酸盐缓释材料,采用欧盟标准化组织制定的NEN 7375标准浸出方法测试其释放性能,利用相关性分析和克里格插值法探究材料组分配比对过硫酸盐缓释材料释放性能的影响规律.结果表明:作为制备过硫酸盐缓释材料基质材料的水、砂和水泥均有一定的适配范围,即水含量在5%~35%之间,砂含量在0~85%之间,水泥含量在5%~85%之间;缓释材料的扩散系数与砂含量呈现显著的正相关,与水泥含量呈现显著的负相关,而与水含量无显著相关性;基质材料对过硫酸盐缓释材料扩散系数的综合作用较为复杂,总体而言,当水泥含量高于砂含量时,水含量是影响缓释材料扩散系数的主要因素,当砂含量大于水泥含量时,砂含量则是影响缓释材料扩散系数的主要因素.此外,增加缓释材料中过硫酸盐的含量可以提高过硫酸盐的释放速率并延长缓释材料的使用寿命.     

Emission profile of 18 carbonyl compounds,CO, CO2, and NOx emitted by a diesel engine fuelled with diesel and ternary blends containing diesel,ethanol and biodiesel or vegetable oils

The impact of vehicular emissions on air depends, among other factors, on the composition of fuel and the technology used to build the engines. The reduction of vehicular emissions requires changes in the fuel composition, and improving the technologies used in the manufacturing of engines and for the after-treatment of gases. In general, improvements to diesel engines have targeted not only emission reductions, but also reductions in fuel consumption. However, changes in the fuel composition have been shown to be a more rapid and effective alternative to reduce pollution. Some factors should been taken into consideration when searching for an alternative fuel to be used in diesel engines, such as emissions, fuel stability, availability and its distribution, as well as its effects on the engine durability. In this work, 45 fuel blends were prepared and their stability was evaluated. The following mixtures (v/v/v) were stable for the 90-day period and were used in the emission study: diesel/ethanol – 90/10%, diesel/ethanol/soybean biodiesel – 80/15/5%, diesel/ethanol/castor biodiesel – 80/15/5%, diesel/ethanol/residual biodiesel – 80/15/5%, diesel/ethanol/soybean oil – 90/7/3%, and diesel/ethanol/castor oil – 90/7/3%. The diesel/ethanol fuel showed higher reduction of NO_x emission at a lower load (2 kW) when compared with pure diesel. The other fuels showed a decrease of NO_x emissions in the ranges of 6.9–75% and 4–85% at 1800 rpm and 2000 rpm, respectively. The combustion efficiencies of the diesel can be enhanced by the addition of the oxygenate fuels, like ethanol and biodiesel/vegetable oil, resulting in a more complete combustion in terms of NO_x emission. In the case of CO₂ the decreases were in the ranges of 5–24% and 4–6% at 1800 rpm and 2000 rpm, respectively. Meanwhile, no differences were observed in CO emission. The carbonyl compounds (CC) studied were formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, acrolein, acetone, crotonaldehyde, butyraldehyde, butanone, benzaldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, valeraldehyde, o-toluenaldehyde, m-toluenaldehyde, p-toluenaldehyde, hexaldehyde, octaldehyde, 2,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde, and decaldehyde. Among them, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, and propionaldehyde showed the highest emission concentrations. When ternary blend contains vegetable oil, there is a strong tendency to increase the emissions of the high weight CC and decrease the emissions of the low weight CC. The highest concentration of acrolein was observed when the fuel contains diesel, ethanol and biodiesel. With the exception of NO_x, the use of ternary blended fuels resulted on the increase in the emission rates of the studied compounds.     

赣北鄱阳湖地区黄土元素地球化学特征研究

对长江中下游彭泽定山-太平地区黄土进行元素分析,并将结果与黄土高原黄土、长江下游等地典型风成堆积进行对比。结果表明：（1）赣北鄱阳湖地区黄土元素P、Na、Ca亏损明显,Ti、Fe等为残留富集;断面上黄土脱Ca、Na过程明显,正朝着脱K去Si富Al趋势发展;元素变化率特征,赣北鄱阳湖地区黄土主要元素的迁移顺序如下：Ca>P>Na>Mg>Mn>K>Si>Al>Fe3+>Ti。（2）赣北鄱阳湖地区黄土风化强度属于中等风化强度,与其他地区风成沉积在风化强度由弱到强上构成如下序列：〖JP2〗洛川黄土<镇江黄土<赣北鄱阳湖地区黄土<宣城风成红土。研究区黄土风化强度略强于镇江黄土,主要是由二者地形条件决定的排水条件造成。（3）研究区稳定元素组成明显区别于其他地区风成沉积,指示定山-太平地区沙山砂、黄土可能来自统一的物源区即其上风向的长江河漫滩平原     

含酚废水的超声降解研究进展

超声处理污水技术是一项新兴的颇有发展前途的水处理技术，本文论述了超声降解含酚废水的反应机理，特点和影响因素，并对该技术在处理含酚类废水治理中存在的问题和今后的发展趋势进行了讨论。     

云南省经济增长与能源消耗的计量模型研究

根据云南省1985—2003年能源消耗的统计数据以及人均GDP统计数据，分析人均GDP与能源消耗之间的相关关系，选取相关性较好的能耗指标（煤炭消耗量、石油消耗量、天然气消耗量、电力消耗量）建立两者之间的计量模型。并在此基础上分析能源消耗与人均GDP增长的关系。经研究发现，云南省经济增长与能源消耗呈类4a-Y-EKC的倒U型曲线，且曲线尚未到达转折点，能源消耗量随着经济增长将持续增长。有必要采取有利措施倡导“循环经济”、“绿色GDP”等使曲线走势向良性方向发展。     

上海市浦东环境空气质量预报模式及环境状况探讨

将浦东新区空气自动监测系统监测数据与上海市空气质量日报数据进行比对 ,考察两者之间的定量关系 ,以简便的方法建立浦东环境空气质量预报模式 ,了解空气污染物在上海市区与浦东区域的分布状况差异 ,探讨造成差异的原因。