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Lignin-derived phenols, C/N ratios and ratios of refractory to total organic matter were used to study the sources, distribution, and diagenesis of sedimentary organic matter along estuary, river bank, and salt marsh systems. The Changjiang Estuary showed a higher signal of terrestrial organic matter at the river mouth which decreased farther offshore. The locations along the Qiantang River were affected by their adjacent surroundings, and the Andong salt marsh showed higher terrestrial organic matter signal at the upper marsh compared to the lower marsh. All studied areas showed slight increases in organic matter decomposition farther downstream and towards the sea. Study of these three different systems will improve our understanding on their ecotoxicological impact. The Changjiang Estuary had higher pollutant levels near the river mouth, which decreased farther offshore due to dilution. The midstream Qiantang River was most likely affected by pollution from their adjacent surroundings. Pollutants were likely to be accumulated in the Andong salt marsh due to the presence of marsh plants and small-sized particles. Organic pollutants were likely to be decomposed during transport along the systems. The ability of the sediments to release inorganic pollutants was determined by whether these systems were oxic or anoxic. 相似文献
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利用2000~2012年金沙江中下游流域56个国家气象观测站逐日08~08时降水资料,采用算术平均法计算得到金沙江中下游5个子流域逐日面雨量,对金沙江中下游及5个子流域面雨量的时空分布特征进行了分析,重点分析了强降水日面雨量的季节分布、频次分布、等级分布、极值分布等统计特征。结果表明:金沙江中下游降水的时空变化特征明显,年平均面雨量为812 mm,夏季降水最多,秋季次之,冬季最少,且秋雨多于春雨;5~10月为降雨集中期,降水总量占年平均降水的91%;5个子流域平均每年出现日面雨量≥20 mm的强降水29.5次,且夏季最多,秋季次之;华弹 屏山段出现强降水的频次最高,横江流域次之,雅砻江下游最少,但横江流域最易出现强降水极大值;华弹 屏山和横江流域同时发生强降水的频率最高,占流域性强降水总次数的521%,在开展金沙江中下游流域面雨量预报时要特别加以关注 相似文献
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合成有机化学品的超临界水氧化 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
研究了超临界水氧化系统中合成有机化学品 ,如酚、间苯三酚、对叔丁基酚、间甲酚、3 ,5-二甲酚、苯胺、硝基苯、叔丁醇、三氯乙醛等的氧化作用。在实验条件下 ,上述化学品均能显著降解。酚和苯胺的去除随氧化剂过氧化氢加入量增加而增加。较优的K值 (实验中加入的H2 O2 量与按反应方程化学计量的量的比值 )对酚和苯胺分别为 1 .5和 1 .1。实验结果显示 ,当系统的压力为 3 0MPa ,温度为 4 50℃ ,停留时间为 1 90s,K =2 .0 (对酚 )和系统压力为 2 5MPa,温度为 50 0℃ ,停留时间为 3 0s,K =1 .2 (对苯胺 ) ,氧化效率都接近 1 0 0 %。含酚废水处理结果表明温度、压力、停留时间 3种因素中 ,温度是主要影响因素 相似文献
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叙述了废旧塑料回收利用对环境的影响,介绍了废旧塑料资源化几种重要的方法及资源化中存在的问题,分析了等离子体技术在废旧塑料资源化中的特点及存在的问题,并提出了解决方法。 相似文献
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以硝基苯为研究对象,在分析美国和中国2种类型水生态系统和生物区系特征的基础上,分别筛选两国水生生物物种的毒性数据,运用物种敏感度分布曲线法、毒性百分数排序法和评价因子法分别推导了2个国家保护淡水水生生物水质基准;同时,结合国内外主要水体ρ(硝基苯)分布特征,对地表水体中硝基苯生态风险进行了初步评价.结果表明:由于生物区系不同,同样方法得到的美国水质基准值明显高于中国水质基准值,其中物种敏感度分布曲线法得出的基准值最为合理.用物种敏感度分布曲线法得到中国硝基苯急性基准值为0.572mg/L,慢性基准值为0.114mg/L;美国硝基苯急性基准值为7.271mg/L,慢性基准值为2.031mg/L.风险表征结果显示,中国主要地表水体中硝基苯不存在潜在的生态风险. 相似文献
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