A2O-MBR工艺处理城市污Z作农业灌溉用水中试研究

为开发一种污水再生利用于农田灌溉领域的新型技术,本实验以城市污水为研究对象,采用A2O—MBR工艺进行中试研究,并将系统出水水质与《农田灌溉水质标准（GB5084—2005）》的主要水质指标进行对比分析。结果表明,系统COD和BOD,出水浓度范围分别为3．2～59．6mg／L、1．0～7．6mg／L,系统出水pH为7．16～7．54,悬浮物浓度几乎为0,上述指标均符合标准;TP、TN和氨氮的出水范围分别为0．03～0．79mg／L、1．6～17．7mg／L和0．8～10．3mg／L。《农田灌溉水质标准》没有对上述3个指标提出具体要求,且少量的氮磷是植物生长的营养元素。该系统出水的主要水质指标符合标准兽求．     

Insight into metal binding properties of biochar-derived DOM using EEM-PARAFAC and differential absorption spectra combined with two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A large amount of biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM) will be released into the environment with biochars application into repairing...     

Efficient degradation of rhodamine B using modified graphite felt gas diffusion electrode by electro-Fenton process

The electro-Fenton (EF) process treatment of 0.1-M (rhodamine B) RhB solution was studied with different graphite cathode materials, and graphite felt (GF) was selected as a promising material in further investigation. Then, the degradation performances of gas diffusion electrode (GDE) and graphite felt (GF) were compared, and GDE was confirmed to be more efficient in RhB removal. The operational parameters such as Fe²⁺ dosage and current density were optimized, and comparison among different modified methods—polytetrafluoroethylene-carbon black (PTFE-CB), polytetrafluoroethylene-carbon nanotube (PTFE-CNT), electrodeposition-CB, and electrodeposition-CNT—showed 98.49 % RhB removal by PTFE-CB-modified cathode in 0.05 M Na₂SO₄ at a current density of 50 A/m² and an air flow rate of 1 L/min after 20 min. Meanwhile, after cathode modified by PTFE-CB, the mineralization efficiency and mineralization current efficiency performed absolutely better than the pristine one. Cyclic voltammograms, SEM images, contact angles, and BET surface area were carried out to demonstrate stronger current responses and higher hydrophilicity of GF after modified. The value of biochemical oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand (BOD₅/COD) increased from 0.049 to 0.331 after 90-min treatment, suggesting the solution was biodegradable, and the modified cathode was confirmed to be stable after ten circle runs. Finally, a proposed degradation pathway of RhB was put forward.     

飞灰基胶凝固砷体长期稳定性风险评价

为明确酸雨条件下飞灰基胶凝固砷体的长期稳定性,模拟2种酸度的酸雨对3种粒径状态下的固砷体进行动态淋溶实验,并运用改进多级连续提取法(Sequential Extraction Procedure, SEP)和潜在风险评估指数对固砷体进行长期稳定性风险评价。结果表明,随着浸出时间的增加,固砷体中的Al³⁺溶出并与溶液中的OH⁻反应生成Al(OH)₃胶体,且废渣中的硫化矿物氧化生成H₂SO₄、Fe₂(SO₄)₃等氧化剂,进一步加剧硫化物的氧化溶解,使得浸出液pH呈下降趋势;而且,由于飞灰固砷体粒径大小不同,表面积大小和吸附位点变化,使砷浸出过程呈现出初始、快速释放和慢速释放3个阶段的浸出特征,最高浸出质量浓度为2.42 mg·L⁻¹,累计释放量达133.78 mg·kg⁻¹,累计释放率为2.32%。SEP实验发现,原渣中的还原态砷大幅度降低,酸可提取态砷和残渣态砷增加,有利于降低固砷体的风险。潜在生态风险评价表明,在Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类建设用地筛选值为背景时,潜在生态危害程度由中等危害转为轻微危害。本研究结果可为飞灰固砷体在不同侵蚀作用下的安全处置提供参考。     

Simultaneous separation of apigenin,luteolin and rosmarinic acid from the aerial parts of the copper-tolerant plant Elsholtzia splendens

Elsholtzia splendens is a copper-tolerant plant species which grows on copper deposits in China. The generation of a valuable E. splendens biomass on specific contaminated sites has become one of the promising phytotechnologies. The simultaneous separations of apigenin, luteolin, and rosmarinic acid yielded in the ethyl acetate extracts of the flowering aerial parts was achieved by the use of a macroporous resin, polyamide, and silicagel columns during chromatography. Chemical identification confirmed the structures based on the spectra of FTIR, NMR, and HPLC/ESI-MS. The isolated compounds of purity above 98.3 % were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activities against human cancer cell lines including A549 (non-small lung), A431 (skin), and Bcap37 (breast). Among these compounds, luteolin and apigenin presented the best cytotoxic activities against A549, A431, and Bcap37 cells and, therefore, both could be the valuable products for the post-harvest processing of E. splendens biomass.     

Cosorption of organic chemicals with different properties: their shared and different sorption sites

Complementary sorption of different chemicals was expected and investigating the relationship between the sorption inhibition of primary sorbate (ΔQ(pri)) and sorption of secondary sorbate (Q(sec)) could provide a new angle to understand coadsorption of different chemicals. This study used bisphenol A (BPA) as the primary adsorbate, sulfamethoxazole (SMX) as the competitor, and carbon nanotubes as model adsorbents to study their complementary and competitive adsorption. At low BPA concentrations, the sorption of SMX (Q(sec)) exceeded BPA sorption inhibition (ΔQ(pri)), indicating that these two chemicals complementarily adsorbed on their respectively preferred sorption sites. At high BPA concentrations, higher ΔQ(pri) was observed in comparison to Q(sec), which may be resulted from different packing efficiencies of the adsorbed SMX and BPA. This study emphasized that both competitive and complementary sorption should be discussed in binary sorption system.     

市政污水曝气沉砂池定点吸砂方式同步除砂和除臭性能研究

市政污水曝气沉砂池排砂机 (行车) 的往复运行可引起出砂量少和臭气释放两方面问题,急需解决方案。开展定点气提吸砂代替排砂机 (行车) 、固定除臭封闭罩代替随动封闭罩的研究,先利用数学模拟方法开展气提吸砂设备间隔距离和封闭罩密封性研究,得出最优的模拟结果为气提吸砂设备间隔距离3 m、密封罩缝隙率小于1%。然后在华北地区某市政污水处理厂开展验证实验。结果表明,沉砂池出砂量提升至0.031 3 L·m⁻³ (提升67%) ,达到给水排水设计标准要求;沉砂池所在室内臭气浓度为16.5 (降低99.5%) ,氨质量浓度为0.059 mg·m⁻³ (降低69.6%) ,硫化氢质量浓度低于检出限 (降低100%) ,达到《DB11/2007—2022》要求,实现同步除砂除臭目标。本研究为市政污水处理厂曝气沉砂池优化改造提供有益的借鉴。     

反硝化生物滤池中生物膜量与脱氮效果和脱氢酶活性的关系

采用自主研发的中试反硝化生物滤池处理传统活性污泥法的二沉池出水,研究了稳定运行下生物膜量与脱氮效果和脱氢酶活性之间的关系。结果表明：根据VSS/SS=0.78、VSS/SS>0.78、VSS/SS<0.78,将SS分为3个区域,分别为区域1(232.5~1 246.6 mg·L−1)、区域2(1 246.6~2 542.7 mg·L−1)、区域3(2 542.7~3 523.9 mg·L−1)。在区域2内能获得最大的${rm{NO}}_3^ - $-N和TN去除能力,去除率分别为95.0%和85.7%及最大的总脱氢酶活性(TDHA),为112.5 g;单位质量生物膜脱氢酶活性(DHA)与SS和VSS之间显著负相关,R2分别为0.822和0.876;TDHA随SS的增加而增加,直至VSS/SS开始减小时随之减小。DHA能较好地从微观层面反应微生物的活性,TDHA可从宏观层面反映整个反应器的生物活性,为反硝化生物滤池运行提供参考。     

高铁酸钾氧化去除弱碱性地下水中低浓度石油类污染物实验研究

研究一般地下水弱碱性水溶液中,高铁酸钾对低浓度石油烃类污染物的氧化去除率.采用0#柴油模拟石油类污染物试验水样,氧化反应在200mL烧杯中模拟完全混合状态完成.实验分析浓度分别为5.02mg/L、2.05mg/L、1.01mg/L和0.52mg/L4个水样石油类污染物氧化去除率.实验研究显示,石油类污染浓度与高铁酸钾浓...     

倒置A2/O污水处理工艺的特点及应用实例

传统A²/O工艺在保证脱氮效果的同时除磷效果往往不佳。在充分分析传统A²/O工艺的基础上,提出了将缺氧池置于厌氧池前面,厌氧池后设置好氧池的分点进水倒置A²/O工艺。某污水厂的现场试验表明,在COD去除能力与常规A²/O工艺相当的情况下,倒置A²/O工艺的脱氮除磷功能明显优于常规A²/O工艺。