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991.
Rüdel H Müller J Quack M Klein R 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(3):772-783
Background and aims
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a brominated flame retardant used mainly in polystyrene foam as well as in textile applications. In recent years, measures were taken to reduce HBCD emissions during its production and use. To evaluate the efficacy of these measures, a monitoring project was initiated with fish as bioaccumulation indicators. 相似文献992.
Manaca MN Grimalt JO Gari M Sacarlal J Sunyer J Gonzalez R Dobaño C Menendez C Alonso PL 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(3):756-762
Introduction
We report on the analysis of 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (4,4′-DDT) and its metabolites in thatch and branch samples constituting the wall materials of dwellings from South African subtropical areas. This approach was used to assess the exposure to DDT in the residents of the dwellings after indoor residual spraying (IRS) following recommended sanitation practices against malaria vectors. 相似文献993.
Suciu NA Ferrari T Ferrari F Trevisan M Capri E 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(4):1229-1236
Purpose
Many reports on purification of water containing pesticides are based on studies using unformulated active ingredients. However, most commercial formulations contain additives/adjuvants or are manufactured using microencapsulation which may influence the purification process. Therefore, the main objective of this work was to develop and test a pilot scheme for decontaminating water containing pesticides formulated with antifoaming/defoaming agents. 相似文献994.
Speciation distribution and mass balance of copper and zinc in urban rain, sediments, and road runoff 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
XiaoJun Zuo DaFang Fu He Li 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(9):4042-4048
Heavy metal pollution in road runoff had caused widespread concern since the last century. However, there are little references on metal speciation in multiple environmental media (e.g., rain, road sediments, and road runoff). Our research targeted the investigation of metal speciation in rain, road sediments, and runoff; the analysis of speciation variation and mass balance of metals among rain, road sediments, and runoff; the selection of main factors by principal component analysis (PCA); and the establishment of equation to evaluate the impact of rain and road sediments to metals in road runoff. Sequential extraction procedure contains five steps for the chemical fractionation of metals. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry (Shimadzu, AA-6800) was used to determine metal speciation concentration, as well as the total and dissolved fractions. The dissolved fractions for both Cu and Zn were dominant in rain. The speciation distribution of Zn was different from that of Cu in road sediments, while speciation distribution of Zn is similar to that of Cu in runoff. The bound to carbonates for both Cu and Zn in road sediments were prone to be dissolved by rain. The levels of Cu and Zn in runoff were not obviously influenced by rain, but significantly influenced by road sediments. The masses for both Cu and Zn among rain, road sediments, and road runoff approximately meet the mass balance equation for all rainfall patterns. Five principal factors were selected for metal regression equation based on PCA, including rainfall, average rainfall intensity, antecedent dry periods, total suspended particles, and temperature. The established regression equations could be used to predict the effect of road runoff on receiving environments. 相似文献
995.
996.
Cadmium tolerance in six poplar species 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
Jiali He Chaofeng Ma Yonglu Ma Hong Li Jingquan Kang Tongxian Liu Andrea Polle Changhui Peng Zhi-Bin Luo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(1):163-174
Selection of poplar species with greater Cd tolerance and exploiting the physiological mechanisms involved in Cd tolerance are crucial for application of these species to phyto-remediation. The aim of this study is to investigate variation in Cd tolerance among the six poplar species and its underlying physiological mechanisms. Cuttings of six Populus species were cultivated for 10 weeks before exposure to either 0 or 200 μM CdSO4 for 20 days. Gas exchange in mature leaves was determined by a portable photosynthesis system. Cd concentrations in tissues were analyzed by a flame atomic absorbance spectrometry. Subsequently, Cd amount per plant, bio-concentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (T f) were calculated. Nonenzymatic compounds and activities of antioxidative enzymes in tissues were analyzed spectrophotometrically. Cd exposure caused decline in photosynthesis in four poplar species including Populus cathayana (zhonghua 1). Among the six species, P. cathayana (zhonghua 1) displayed the highest Cd concentrations in tissues, the largest Cd amount in aerial parts, the highest BCF in aerial parts and T f under Cd exposure. Under Cd stress, increases in total soluble sugars in roots but decreases in starch in roots, wood, and leaves of P. cathayana (zhonghua 1) were found. Induced O 2 ?? and H2O2 production in roots and leaves, and increases in free proline, soluble phenolics, and activities of antioxidative enzymes were observed in P. cathayana (zhonghua 1). Based on results of this pot experiment, it is concluded that P. cathayana (zhonghua 1) is superior to other five species for Cd phyto-remediation, and its well-coordinated physiological changes under Cd exposure confer the great Cd tolerance of this species. 相似文献
997.
X. Q. Liang Z. Y. Nie M. M. He R. Guo C. Y. Zhu Y. X. Chen Küppers Stephan 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(10):6972-6979
One strategy to combat nitrate (NO3-N) contamination in rivers is to understand its sources. NO3-N sources in the East Tiaoxi River of the Yangtze Delta Region were investigated by applying a 15N–18O dual isotope approach. Water samples were collected from the main channel and from the tributaries. Results show that high total N and NO3-N are present in both the main channel and the major tributaries, and NO3-N was one of the most important N forms in water. Analysis of isotopic compositions (δ 18O, δD) of water suggests that the river water mainly originated from three tributaries during the sampling period. There was a wide range of δ 15N-NO3 (?1.4 to 12.4 ‰) and a narrow range of δ 18O-NO3 (3.7 to 9.0 ‰) in the main channel waters. The δ 15N and δ 18O-NO3 values in the upper, middle, and lower channels along the river were shifted as 8.2, 3.5, and 9.5 ‰, and 9.0, 4.2, and 6.0 ‰, respectively. In the tributary South Tiao, the δ 15N and δ 18O-NO3 values were as high as 9.5 and 7.0 ‰, while in the tributaries Mid Tiao and North Tiao, NO3-N in most of the samples had relatively low δ 15N and δ 18O-NO3 values from 2.3 to 7.5 ‰ and 4.7 to 7.0 ‰, separately. Our results also suggest that the dual isotope approach can help us develop the best management practice for relieving NO3-N pollution in the rivers at the tributary scale. 相似文献
998.
Mercury (Hg) has received considerable attention because of its association with various human health problems. Adsorption-desorption behavior of Hg at contaminated levels in two paddy soils was investigated. The two representative soils for rice production in China, locally referred to as a yellowish red soil (YRS) and silty loam soil (SLS) and classified as Gleyi-Stagnic Anthrosols in FAO/UNESCO nomenclature, were respectively collected from Jiaxin County and Xiasha District of Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province. The YRS adsorbed more Hg(2+) than the SLS. The characteristics of Hg adsorption could be described by the simple Langmuir adsorption equation (r2 = 0.999 and 0.999, P < 0.01, respectively, for the SLS and YRS). The maximum adsorption values (Xm) that were obtained from the simple Langmuir model were 111 and 213 mg Hg(2+) kg(-1) soil, respectively, for the SLS and YRS. Adsorption of Hg(2+) decreased soil pH by 0.75 unit for the SLS soil and 0.91 unit for the YRS soil at the highest loading. The distribution coefficient (kd) of Hg in the soil decreased exponentially with increasing Hg(2+) loading. After five successive desorptions with 0.01 mol L(-1) KCl solution (pH 5.4), 0 to 24.4% of the total adsorbed Hg(2+) in the SLS soil was desorbed and the corresponding value of the YRS soil was 0 to 14.4%, indicating that the SLS soil had a lower affinity for Hg(2+) than the YRS soil at the same Hg(2+) loading. Different mechanisms are likely involved in Hg(2+) adsorption-desorption at different levels of Hg(2+) loading and between the two soils. 相似文献
999.
Stream fish bioassessment methods assume that fish assemblages observed in sample sites reflect responses to local stressors, but fish assemblages are influenced by local factors as well as regional dispersal to and from connected streams. We hypothesized that fish movement to and from refugia and source populations in connected rivers (i.e., riverine dispersal) would weaken or decouple relations between fish community metrics and local environmental conditions. We compared fish-environment relations between streams that flow into large rivers (mainstem tributaries) and streams that lack riverine confluences (headwater tributaries) at multiple spatial grains using data from the USEPA's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program in the mid-Atlantic highlands, USA (n = 157 sites). Headwater and mainstem tributaries were not different in local environmental conditions, but showed important differences in fish metric responses to environmental quality gradients. Stream sites flowing into mainstem channels within 10 fluvial km showed consistently weaker relations to local environmental conditions than stream sites that lacked such mainstem connections. Moreover, these patterns diminished at longer distances from riverine confluences, consistent with the hypothesis of riverine dispersal. Our results suggest that (1) the precision of fish bioassessment metrics may be improved by calibrating scoring criteria based on the spatial position of sites within stream networks and (2) the spatial grain of fish bioassessment studies may be manipulated to suit objectives by including or excluding fishes exhibiting riverine dispersal. 相似文献
1000.