下吸式气化炉处理城市生活垃圾

下吸式气化炉具有原料适应性好，燃气中焦油含量少的特点。使用下吸式气化炉对广州城市生活垃圾进行了空气气化实验，并对燃气成分、焦油含量和灰渣重金属含量进行了分析。分析结果表明：燃气气体热值可达4600kJ／m^3，燃气焦油含量为2．0g／m^3。另外，对灰渣中的金属成分也进行了分析。试验结果表明：下吸式气化炉是处理复杂城市生活垃圾的一种有效手段。     

Evaluation of sulfur trioxide detection with online isopropanol absorption method

Measurement of the SO_3 concentration in flue gas is important to estimate the acid dew point and to control corrosion of downstream equipment. SO_3 measurement is a difficult question since SO_3 is a highly reactive gas, and its concentration is generally two orders of magnitude lower than the SO_2 concentration. The SO_3 concentration can be measured online by the isopropanol absorption method; however, the reliability of the test results is relatively low. This work aims to find the error sources and to evaluate the extent of influence of each factor on the measurement results. The test results from a SO_3 analyzer showed that the measuring errors are mainly caused by the gas–liquid flow ratio, SO_2 oxidation, and the side reactions of SO_3. The error in the gas sampling rate is generally less than 13%. The isopropanol solution flow rate decreases 3% to 30% due to the volatilization of isopropanol, and accordingly, this will increase the apparent SO_3 concentration. The amount of SO_2 oxidation is linearly related to the SO_2 concentration. The side reactions of SO_3 reduce the selectivity of SO_4~(2-) to nearly 73%. As sampling temperature increases from180 to 300°C, the selectivity of SO_4~(2-) decreases from 73% to 50%. The presence of H2 O in the sample gas helps to reduce the measurement error by inhibiting the volatilization of the isopropanol and weakening side reactions. A formula was established to modify the displayed value, and the measurement error was reduced from 25%–54% to less than 15%.     

生活垃圾填埋场矿化垃圾分选研究

对上海市老港生活垃圾填埋场填埋龄为1～14年的矿化垃圾进行了分选研究.结果表明,填埋龄在8年以上矿化垃圾细料(粒径＜50 mm)的百分比约占60%,而填埋龄低于5年的矿化垃圾细料比例低于40%.开采出来的垃圾经分选后的产品可得到有效的资源化利用.     

印刷线路板废弃物的热解与动力学实验研究

分别应用管式炉反应器和热重分析手段对印刷线路板废弃物的热解行为和热解动力学进行了实验研究.在管式炉中,研究不同的热解温度:700～950℃,对产物分布和气体成分分布的影响.实验结果表明:PCB热解气体的主要成分是H2和CO2,气体的热值较低,仅为2.09～5.41 MJ/m3,PCB不适合以气体产物为目标的能源利用方式.应用Friedman方法对PCB的热解动力学进行了研究,求得PCB的热解动力学参数分别是:表观活化能190.92 kJ/mol,反应级数5.97,指前因子lnA47.14 min-1.     

处理生活污水的植物品种的筛选

以小型碎石床人工湿地生态系统和无土栽培2种方法，模拟研究了广东园林绿化中常用的27种植物对生活污水中氮、磷、COD的降解能力，表明野芋头、花叶万年青、象草、姜花、绿公主、富贵竹、再力花、大花叶万年青、芦苇、花芦苇、美人蕉、文殊兰、水芋头、风车草、红草、蜘蛛兰、千手观音、水葱和花蝴蝶等18种植物，可以作为人工湿地生态系统选种植物，从而扩大了可选植物品种范围，配合适当，可达到美化环境和净化污水2种功能，可适用于面源性水污染的治理。象草的研究表明，它是一种既有强污水降解能力又能作饲料的品种，适用于畜牧场的水污染治理。     

树脂吸附法去除水及空气中的CS2

采用XDA-1树脂吸附固定床工艺，对CS2饱和水溶液和含CS2的空气分别进行了动态吸附性能和影响因素的研究。在室温、CS2饱和水溶液流速为40BV／h（BV为树脂床体积）、中性或弱酸性的条件下，XDA—1树脂对水中饱和CS2的吸附效率达98．1％，对CS2的吸附量可达54．0g／L。在室温和气体流速为600BV／h的条件下，XDA-1树脂对空气中CS2的吸附效率为63．9％-90．0％，对CS2的吸附量可达28．0～36．8g／L。采用水蒸气解吸和冰水冷凝可以回收84．9％-90．0％的CS2。     

矿井水资源化与生态环境安全探讨

矿井水是煤矿区区域水资源系统的特定的组成部分,是地下含水系统具有补给机制的特殊单元,与生态环境系统又有关联性及制约性。矿井水的抽取净化利用(狭义矿井水资源化)能够诱发类似地下水开采和地下煤炭开采引起的生态环境灾害现象,表现的问题链为地下采动(裂隙生成扩展(渗流场变化、降水漏斗区扩大(水资源流失(矿井水形成/地下水水位下降(矿井水取用(地下水位再下降(生态环境响应(灾害)。广义矿井水资源化除了资源化关键技术研究外,还必须进行矿井水恢复与补给机制的研究、矿井水资源化的阈值及所诱发的生态环境灾害样式及其尺度研究,以达到即合理地进行矿井水资源化(对矿井水赋存形式Ⅱ)、防止水资源流失(对矿井水赋存形式Ⅰ),又保证生态环境安全的目的,实现真正意义的矿井水资源化。     

极端环境下的石油烃生物降解及其在生物修复中的应用

文章综合论述了微生物在高温、低温、高盐等极端条件下对石油烃的生物降解过程,研究了生物降解在生物修复中的应用效果。同时,还介绍了对于强酸、强碱及高压条件下石油烃生物降解的研究状况,论述了研究石油烃生物降解对开发和丰富微生物资源的重要性。     

精对苯二甲酸装置清洁生产审核分析

本文通过对精对苯二甲酸装置的现状分析,提出了进行清洁生产审核的意义,并根据清洁生产审核的原则,进行了清洁生产的审核分析。     

Trust as a mediator of the relationship between organizational justice and work outcomes: test of a social exchange model

Data obtained from full‐time employees of a public sector organization in India were used to test a social exchange model of employee work attitudes and behaviors. LISREL results revealed that whereas the three organizational justice dimensions (distributive, procedural and interactional) were related to trust in organization only interactional justice was related to trust in supervisor. The results further revealed that relative to the hypothesized fully mediated model a partially mediated model better fitted the data. Trust in organization partially mediated the relationship between distributive and procedural justice and the work attitudes of job satisfaction, turnover intentions, and organizational commitment but fully mediated the relationship between interactional justice and these work attitudes. In contrast, trust in supervisor fully mediated the relationship between interactional justice and the work behaviors of task performance and the individually‐ and organizationally‐oriented dimensions of citizenship behavior. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.