Preliminary study on effects of tourism on Mosuo matriarchal culture

The ethnic communities of Lugu Lake have experienced the rapid development of tourism because of the attractions of their culture and traditional customs as well as their beautiful environment. Tourism and other economic activities have a variety of socio-cultural effects on host communities. Based on a survey of 105 Mosuo families, statistic correlation analysis was used to examine the local people's viewpoints regarding marriage, language, traditional dress, diet, and factors which could lead to changes in people's opinions. The results show that although Mosuo people are more open to the outside world, Axia relationships and matrilineal families still dominate their life. More than 50% of interviewees have Axia relationships and live in matrilinear families. Tourism income, education and age are three important factors that impact on local people's viewpoints regarding their culture and life. People who are more educated and earn more money from tourism prefer traditional culture and customs. The younger generation is more likely to be affected by tourism because they have contact with the outside world more often in their everyday life. Further research is needed on how to protect the local culture from the boom in tourism, as well as how to minimise its influence on local residents.     

某钢厂热源厂房通风改造

厂房的热环境好坏直接影响着工人的身体健康和生产效率。通过对某钢铁厂二高线车间厂房热环境的调查分析表明：对于自然通风的厂房来说,厂房商度一定时,加大进、排风口的高差,合理设计进风口、排风口,降低中和面的高度,能增加通风排热,降低厂房内的平均温度;同时,在厂房内合理布置设备、生产平台等通风障碍物,保证室内气流组织的合理分布,对改善作业区的热环境非常有利;高温环境下,保证一定的风流速度能提高作业工人的热舒适感。     

势能增氧生物处理工艺的应用研究

介绍势能增氧生态床的增氧机理及工程实例。生态床为多层浅床结构,每层装设填料,采用虹吸管进出水,利用水流势能进行大气复氧,水中DO逐层增加,出水DO达到最高。结构紧凑,投资省,高效节能,可用于小区中水回用处理,经济效益优于传统工艺。     

融合控制策略在污水处理曝气过程中的应用

针对污水处理过程的复杂性,提出了一种融合控制策略。探讨了基于融合的工程控制策略和控制算法。仿真实验结果表明:该工程控制算法的控制精度高,鲁棒性强,对污水处理过程的控制是可行和有效的。     

低温条件下苯酚降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性

在15℃低温的条件下,从本溪钢铁集团公司焦化厂曝气池活性污泥中分离、筛选得到1株高效苯酚降解菌,即Bb-2,它对起始质量浓度为400 mg·L-1的苯酚降解率为74.8%.经形态观察和生理生化实验,初步鉴定为假单胞菌属.该菌株能在4～40℃的温度条件下生长繁殖,因此为耐冷菌.当醋酸钠和葡萄糖作为第二碳源存在时,促进了低温下Bb-2对苯酚的生物降解.采用反应动力学方程拟合其降解过程,初始苯酚质量浓度较低时,遵循Monod方程;初始质量浓度较高时,其降解过程以基质抑制型的Haldane方程为主.     

Chronic exposure effects of copper on growth,metamorphosis and thyroid gland,liver health in Chinese toad,Bufo gargarizans tadpoles

The impact of copper exposure on Chinese toad (Bufo gargarizans) tadpoles was investigated in this study. First, the 96h LC50 value of copper was 8.697 μM, by means of a 4 d acute toxicity test. Second, we studied the chronic effects of copper on B. gargarizans tadpoles at control, 0.025, 0.1 and 1.0 μM concentration. Survival, body length, body weight, developmental stage, incidence of metamorphic climax, and size at metamorphic climax were determined. In tadpoles developed to metamorphic climax (stage G42), liver and thyroid gland were assessed histologically. Copper at 0.1 and 1.0 μM could inhibit tadpole growth and prolong tadpole metamorphic progress relative to controls. Tadpole size (total length and weight) at stage G42 is also affected in the 0.1 and 1.0 μM treatments. In addition, histological examinations have revealed that 1.0 μM copper could cause significant pathological changes and hepatocytes degeneration in liver. Furthermore, histomorphological measurements indicated that copper at 0.1 and 1.0 μM reduced thyroid gland size, diameter and number of follicle. In conclusion, our study suggests that Cu could damage the liver and thyroid gland, so growth and metamorphosis of B. gargarizans tadpoles were inhibited resulted of disrupting liver metabolism and THs homeostasis.     

Cr^6＋对3种玉米品种的生理特性影响

为了研究不同剂量下Cr6＋对于三种玉米（Zea mays L.）种子的毒害效应,进一步探究长期堆放铬渣的土壤对周围环境的污染程度以及对生态环境的潜在影响.选取三种不同品种的玉米,随机分为对照组以及1×10^-4、5×10^-4、1×10^-3 mol·L^-1,5×10^-3、1×10^-2 mol·L^-1 实验剂量组,探究Cr6＋对三种不同品种玉米种子的毒害效应.将种子于实验室条件下常规培养后,分别测定不同Cr^6＋胁迫剂量下,三种玉米种子（郑单958,强盛31,农大108）的生长状况,株高、根长、鲜物质量和干物质量以及胁迫前后超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）以及丙二醛（MDA）的含量变化.对不同剂量下Cr^6＋对三种玉米的生理特性影响进行比较研究.结果表明：5 种不同浓度的Cr^6＋溶液对玉米种子进行胁迫后,三种玉米的生长均受到了-定程度的抑制,玉米幼苗株高、根长、鲜物质量和干物质量均呈下降趋势.在低剂量1×10^-4 mol·L^-1 时,即产生显著影响（P〈0.05）,且胁迫剂量越大,对玉米种子生长产生的抑制作用越强.三种不同的玉米种子体内均产生了Cr^6＋富集现象,且随着染毒剂量的增加,玉米体内富集量增加,细胞叶绿素含量和叶绿素a/b 比值降低,三种玉米品种幼苗POD 活性、SOD 活性以及MDA 含量均随暴露浓度增加而增加.在Cr^6＋暴露剂量为最大剂量1×10^-2 mol·L^-1 时,POD 活性、SOD 活性与MDA含量均增加至最大值.各剂量下,均有显著性变化（P〈0.05）产生.由此可见,不同剂量的Cr^6＋对于三种玉米种子均会产生-定的毒害效应,对玉米的生长产生不良影响.     

Mechanism of dichloromethane disproportionation over mesoporous TiO2 under low temperature

• Mechanism of DCM disproportionation over mesoporous TiO₂ was studied. • DCM was completely eliminated at 350℃ under 1 vol.% humidity. • Anatase (001) was the key for disproportionation. • A competitive oxidation route co-existed with disproportionation. • Disproportionation was favored at low temperature. Mesoporous TiO₂ was synthesized via nonhydrolytic template-mediated sol-gel route. Catalytic degradation performance upon dichloromethane over as-prepared mesoporous TiO₂, pure anatase and rutile were investigated respectively. Disproportionation took place over as-made mesoporous TiO₂ and pure anatase under the presence of water. The mechanism of disproportionation was studied by in situ FTIR. The interaction between chloromethoxy species and bridge coordinated methylenes was the key step of disproportionation. Formate species and methoxy groups would be formed and further turned into carbon monoxide and methyl chloride. Anatase (001) played an important role for disproportionation in that water could be dissociated into surface hydroxyl groups on such structure. As a result, the consumed hydroxyl groups would be replenished. In addition, there was another competitive oxidation route governed by free hydroxyl radicals. In this route, chloromethoxy groups would be oxidized into formate species by hydroxyl radicals transfering from the surface of TiO₂. The latter route would be more favorable at higher temperature.     

Cu和Pb对赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)生长的影响

以添加了不同浓度的CuSO_4和Pb(NO_3)_2混合液的f/2培养基培养赤潮异弯藻,通过分析藻的最大生长密度、生长周期及比生长率这3个参数与Cu和Pb之间的相关关系,讨论2种重金属对赤潮异弯藻生长的影响以及2种重金属之间的互作效应。结果表明,Cu为0～0.02 mg·L~(-1)或Pb为0～0.32 mg·L~(-1)时,对赤潮异弯藻生长有促进作用;当Pb浓度不同的条件下,Cu浓度达到0.5～2.5 mg·L~(-1)时,赤潮异弯藻生长受到明显抑制,甚至无法生长;在Cu浓度不同的条件下,Pb在1～9 mg·L~(-1)范围内,随着浓度的增加,对赤潮异弯藻生长抑制作用逐步增强。在Cu浓度为0～2.5 mg·L~(-1)或Pb浓度为1～9 mg·L~(-1)及两者互作条件下,赤潮异弯藻最大生长密度和生长周期都受到显著影响(P0.01)。另外,Cu和Pb对赤潮异弯藻比生长率无显著影响,两者相互作用不明显。结合湛江海域已报道的这2种重金属实际含量,进一步评估了海区中重金属的潜在生态效应。