Photodegradation of Dyes in Aqueous Solutions containing Fe(III) -hydroxy Complex II. Solar Photodegradation Kinetics

The solar photodegradation of five dyes, C.I. reactive red 2, C.I. reactive blue 4, C.I. reactive black 8, C.I. basic red 13, and C.I. basic yellow 2, were studied in a sunlight/Fe(III)-hydroxy system. It was observed that the photodegradation of these five dyes were pseudo-first order reactions, which has a little difference with the photodegradation kinetics of the dyes with UV-light as the irradiation source. The comparison between the two studies is also conducted.     

Effects of redox potential and pH value on the release of rare earth elements from soil

Equilibrium release experiments were conducted under three different pH values of 3.5, 5.5 and 7.5 as well as three redox potentials of 400, 0 and -100 Mv to investigate the influence of redox potential and pH value on the La, Ce, Gd and Y release of from the simulated-REEs-accumulation (SRA) soil. Oxygen and nitrogen were allowed to flow into soil suspension to adjust redox potential to a preset value, and 1 mol/l HCl or 1 mol/l NaOH solutions were added into the soil suspension to keep pH at a preset value. Results indicated that La, Ce, Gd and Y release increased gradually with the decrease of pH value or Eh, and the influence of redox potential on Ce was more remarkable than on La, Gd and Y. At the same time. It was observed that La, Ce, Gd and Y releases were positively correlated with the release of Fe and Mn, indicating that La, Ce, Gd and Y releases might originate from dissolution of Fe-Mn oxyhydroxides under reduction and low pH conditions. Moreover, it was found that alteration of pH value and redox potential might affect the change of La, Ce, Gd and Y species in the soil. The contents of La, Ce, Gd and Y in exchangeable fraction and Fe-Mn oxide fraction in the solid phase from soil suspension separation decreased with the decline of pH value and redox potential. Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that exchangeable fraction and Fe-Mn oxide fraction predominately contributed to the La, Ce, Gd and Y release. Low pH value and redox potential were more favorable to La, Ce, Gd and Y releases following the change of their species. The La, Ce, Gd and Y contents in exchangeable fraction and Fe-Mn oxide fraction are the main contributors to their release.     

Evaluation of mercury emissions to the atmosphere from coal combustion,China

Mercury emissions from the coal smoke is the main source of anthropogenic discharge and mercury pollution in atmosphere. The calculated total amount of mercury emissions of China in 1995 is approximately 213.8 tonnes, which accounts for c. 5% of estimated total global discharge of 4000 tonnes in the same period. From 1978 to 1995, total coal consumption increased fourfold. Based on these data it is estimated that the mercury emissions will increase at a rate of 5% a year, and the predicted emissions will be 273 tonnes in China in 2000. Controlling and solving mercury emissions from coal combustion are among the most important environmental tasks facing China.     

Photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol on nanometer size titanium dioxide surface modified with 5-sulfosalicylic acid

The surface of nanometer size TiO(2) was simply and fast modified by chemical adsorption in saturated solution of 5-sulfosalicylic acid. After surface modification, a stable, yellow surface complex was formed quickly, the wavelength response range of TiO(2) was expanded, it has obvious absorption in the region from 320 to 450 nm; the adsorption efficiency of p-nitrophenol (PNP) by TiO(2) was enhanced from 42% to 84%. The photocatalytic activity was tested on the degradation of PNP. The influences of catalyst and its dosage, pH value, and PNP concentration on the degradation were investigated. On optimal photodegradation conditions, including initial pH 4.0, PNP 5 mg l(-1), catalyst 100 mg, irradiation time 120 min with 160 W high-pressure mercury lamp, the degradation efficiency of PNP was increased from 40% to 88% after surface modification. Surface modification led not only to an increase in the light utilization, but also improved the surface coverage of PNP in comparison with the pure TiO(2). Both of these factors are crucial for the photocatalytic activity of heterogeneous photocatalysis, especially for photodegradation of benzenoid pollutants.     

铁（Ⅲ）氧化物对染料溶液的光化学脱色研究

将铁氧化物引入染料溶液挑化学脱色研究，在高压汞灯照射下，比较了铁氧化物对活性艳红Ｘ－３Ｂ水溶液的脱色效果，结果满意，其中ａｍ－Ｆｅ（ＯＨ）３的脱色作用尤为突出，光照１０ｍｉｎ后脱色率为９８５，动力学研究表明：在染料浓工于６０ｍｇ／Ｌ，ｐＨ２－４的条件下，α－ＦｅＯＯＨ的活性艳红产溶液的光化学脱色对动力学零级反应；     

固定相络合萃取剂处理水中苯酚的性能研究

采用固定相络合萃取剂 YH- 1对水中苯酚进行了萃取与反萃取实验研究 ,考察了组成比、废水 p H、起始浓度、流速及再生次数对 YH- 1萃取性能的影响。结果表明 ,当络合萃取剂与聚合物质量比为 2∶ 1,废水 p H<8时 ,通过单级或多级操作 YH- 1能有效地萃取高浓度含酚废水中的苯酚 ,且再生率达 99.3% ,明显优于活性炭。总之 ,固定相络合萃取剂 YH- 1是一种操作范围广、高效、易再生的处理含酚废水的新体系     

用萃取剂LIX84I从电子废弃物处理液中选择性萃取铜

考察了相比、水相pH、混合时间等因素对LIX84I萃取铜的影响，结果表明：这些因素对铜的萃取率都有一定的影响，最优化的条件是有机相为30％LIX84I＋70％煤油、室温、相比=2：1、出口水相pH值=2．0、搅拌速度=910r／min、萃取级数为3级，每级的时间为3min。对铜进行三级萃取和一级反萃，可以得到符合电积要求的硫酸铜溶液，萃取率和反萃取率分别可以达到94．6％和97．8％。     

几种聚电解质的合成及絮凝性能研究

合成了５种水溶性聚电解质：①丙烯酰胺－二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵共聚物（ＡＭ－ＤＭ）；②丙烯酰胺－三甲基烯丙基氯化铵共聚物（ＡＭ－ＴＭ）；③水解聚丙烯酰胺（ＨＰＡＭ）；④阳离子化聚丙烯酰胺（ＣＰＡＭ）和⑤丙烯酰胺－二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵－丙烯酸（ＡＭ－ＤＭ－ＡＣ）共聚物。对它们的结构进行了红外表征，并就絮凝能力进行了研究。结果表明：５种聚合物均具有絮凝能力且出现两个聚沉点，絮凝能力与聚合物的链结构有关。     

江西省乳腺癌与微量元素

通过对土壤微量元素１９７２９４４个数据及１２５９例乳腺癌死亡调查资料的研究，发现了乳腺癌死亡率与土壤微量元素Ｃｒ显著相关性，相对危险度为１．２４。     

石墨炉原子化机理研究方法评述

评述了近年来石墨炉原子化机理研究中用得较多的研究方法,包括热力学方法、动力学方法、原子吸收光谱法、X射线衍射法、X射线光电子能谱法、俄歇电子能谱法、扫描电镜法、分子吸收光谱法和质谱法.每种方法均有其优缺点,综合运用多种研究方法,特别是理论研究与实验研究相结合,更好地阐明原子化机理.