紫外分光光度法测定对硝基苯酚的适宜条件的探讨

对对硝基苯酚的浓度,溶液的ｐＨ,温度以及波长对测定结果的影响进行了初步实验,找出用紫外分光光度法测定对硝基苯酚的适宜条件。     

A passive air sampler for characterizing the vertical concentration profile of gaseous phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in near soil surface air

Air-soil exchange is an important process governing the fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). A novel passive air sampler was designed and tested for measuring the vertical concentration profile of 4 low molecular weight PAHs in gaseous phase (PAH_LMW4) in near soil surface air. Air at various heights from 5 to 520 mm above the ground was sampled by polyurethane foam disks held in down-faced cartridges. The samplers were tested at three sites: A: an extremely contaminated site, B: a site near A, and C: a background site on a university campus. Vertical concentration gradients were revealed for PAH_LMW4 within a thin layer close to soil surface at the three sites. PAH concentrations either decreased (Site A) or increased (Sites B and C) with height, suggesting either deposition to or evaporation from soils. The sampler is a useful tool for investigating air-soil exchange of gaseous phase semi-volatile organic chemicals.     

自然灾害的物元分析灾情评估模型初探

本文提出了用物元分析进行灾情评估的新方法。该方法将灾情划分为三类,计算每项评估指标对各类灾情的关联函数,采用指数超标法计算各项指标的权值,然后应用加权公式计算全部指标对各类灾情的综合关联程度,并根据评价标准对灾情作出评估。该方法应用于45个灾情个例评估结果与用灾度判别法评估结果比较表明其用于灾情评估具有科学性和实用性。     

Rapid removal of bisphenol A on highly ordered mesoporous carbon

Bisphenol A (BPA) is of global concern due to its disruption of endocrine systems and ubiquity in the aquatic environment. It is important, therefore, that e orts are made to remove it from the aqueous phase. A novel adsorbent, mesoporous carbon CMK-3, prepared from hexagonal SBA-15 mesoporous silica was studied for BPA removal from aqueous phase, and compared with conventional powdered activated carbon (PAC). Characterization of CMK-3 by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray di raction, and nitrogen adsorption indicated that prepared CMK-3 had an ordered mesoporous structure with a high specific surface area of 920 m2/g and a pore-size of about 4.9 nm. The adsorption of BPA on CMK-3 followed a pseudo second-order kinetic model. The kinetic constant was 0.00049 g/(mg min), much higher than the adsorption of BPA on PAC. The adsorption isotherm fitted slightly better with the Freundlich model than the Langmuir model, and adsorption capacity decreased as temperature increased from 10 to 40°C. No significant influence of pH on adsorption was observed at pH 3 to 9; however, adsorption capacity decreased dramatically from pH 9 to 13.     

磁种混凝法去除校园污水中COD的试验研究

运用磁种混凝技术处理校园生活污水,通过分析原水水质,磁种（Fe3O4）、混凝剂PAC（聚合氯化铝）或PAS（聚合硫酸铝）、助凝剂PAM（聚丙烯酰胺）投加方式及投加量考察对COD去除效果的影响。实验表明：磁种的添加量和添加方式对水处理起到关键性作用。先添加磁粉0.3g/L,再添加PAC 0.3g/L,PAM 0.002g/L混合搅拌出水COD去除率为78.90%,处理后COD含量43.60mg/L,达到排放标准。     

微电解+物化+生化处理印染废水工程实例

印染废水具有污染物含量高、浓度波动幅度大、偏碱性、色度高、难生化等特点.文章结合工程实例,介绍了微电解 物化 生化工艺在处理印染废水工程中的实际应用,详细介绍了工艺原理、主要工艺参数及运行成本分析.工程运行表明,该工艺运行稳定、投资少、处理成本低,COD、BOD、SS和色度的去除率分别在94%、96%、89%、96%以上,出水水质各项指标均达到<纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准>(GB4287-92)中一级排放标准.     

癸二酸生产中单钠盐溶液的脱色及萃取—吸附法处理含酚废水

癸二酸生产中以活性炭对癸二酸单钠盐溶液脱色时,产品收率低、生产成本高。本文采用以凹凸棒石粘土为基体的新型吸附剂对癸二酸单钠盐溶液进行脱色。结果表明,在脱色剂用量为2％、脱色温度90℃、脱色时间30min条件下,脱色率为85.3％、产品产率为92.0％,且该吸附剂价廉易得,经蒸汽再生后可反复使用,可用于癸二酸单钠盐溶液的脱色。同时提出了用萃取—吸附法处理癸二酸生产中含酚废水的工艺流程,萃取相（含酚）无需反萃可直接回用于原生产中,该法具有明显的经济效益与环境效益。     

16S rDNA克隆文库方法对制药废水处理系统中微生物多样性的研究

采用分子生物学构建16S rDNA克隆文库的方法对制药废水交替流生物反应器内的微生物群落进行了多样性研究,该反应器对CODcr、氨氮、石油类化合物以及多种特殊污染物均有较高的去除效率.代表序列的BLAST比对结果表明微生物群落具有高度多样性,优势菌群为Proteobacteria,占78.6%.微生物群落分属7个不同纲,优势顺序为Alphaproteobacteria (39.8%),Betaproteobacteria(23.5%),Gammaproteobacteria(14.3%),Chlorobil(6.3%),Firmicutes(4.1%),Flavobacteria (1.0%),Deltaproteobacteria(1.0%.使用Vector NTI Suite 6.0软件对50个OTU的代表序列和NCBI基因库中最相近的已知细菌16S rDNA序列绘制系统进化树,表明克隆子与已知菌之间的基因系统进化关系.     

砷与农药草甘膦、敌敌畏对秀丽隐杆线虫的联合毒性

农田常遭受砷和农药污染,这2种污染会产生联合毒性,影响生物体健康。利用野生型秀丽隐杆线虫进行砷、草甘膦和敌敌畏的24h单一毒性和联合毒性实验。结果表明,砷、草甘膦和敌敌畏对秀丽隐杆线虫24h-LC50分别为130.5mg·L-1、18.5mg·L-1、3.3μL·L-1;通过等效毒性相加法实验,发现砷与草甘膦对秀丽隐杆线虫的联合毒性为协同作用,砷与敌敌畏对秀丽隐杆线虫的联合毒性为拮抗作用。     

城市绿地对小气候影响的研究进展

城市绿地对小气候的生态作用是研究城市绿地的重要问题.综述了国内外有关城市绿地对温度、湿度作用的研究报导,总结了城市绿地对温度、湿度影响的时空变化规律.目前城市绿地与温、湿度的关系多为定性研究,定量研究的技术与手段的局限使得定量研究还存在一定困难;城市绿地在美学、休憩等方面的潜在作用还无法定量研究;关于城市绿地群落结构与特性对小气候影响机制的研究还很少,这些都将是今后研究的重要方向.