Adsorptive removal of phosphate by the bimetallic hydroxide nanocomposites embedded in pomegranate peel

This study aimed to fabricate new and effective material for the efficiency of phosphate adsorption. Two types of adsorbent materials, the zirconium hydroxides embedded in pomegranate peel (Zr/Peel) and zirconium-lanthanum hydroxides embedded in pomegranate peel (Zr–La/Peel) were developed. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) were evaluated to give insight into the physicochemical properties of these adsorbents. Zr–La/Peel exceeded the adsorption efficiency of Zr/Peel adsorbents in batch adsorption experiments at the same pH level. The peel as a host can strive to have a strong “shielding effect” to increase the steadiness of the entrenched Zr and La elements. La and Zr are hydroxide metals that emit many hydrogen ions during the hydrolysis reaction, which contribute to protonation and electrostatic attraction. The highest adsorption capacity of La–Zr/Peel for phosphate was calculated to be 40.21 mg/g, and pseudo second-order equation is very well fitted for kinetic adsorption. Phosphate adsorption efficiency was reduced by an increase of pH. With the background of coexisting Cl^?, little effect on adsorption efficiency was observed, while adsorption capacities were reduced by almost 20–30% with the coexistence of ${{\text{SO}}_4}^{2?}$, ${{\text{NO}}_3}^{?}$ and humic acid (HA).     

国家机动车排污控制管理数据库系统

介绍了“国家机动车排污控制管理系统”数据库的研制、特点及使用方法。该数据库存储了大量的城市环境概况、机动车排放因子、排放标准、燃油标准和排放控制对策等信息，能系统、准确的提供国家级相关数据及法律依据，使各级环保部门和政府决策部门能迅速、准确地掌握全国或某城市的有关机动车的静态或动态的污染排放综合情况     

污水处理厂与城市公园建设

从环境效益、经济效益和社会效益三个方面分析和探讨了污水处理厂与城市公园建设的优越性。把污水处理厂、城市公园和环保教育综合为一体是可行的。     

潜在危害性指数法在筛选污染因子中的应用

介绍了潜在危害性指数法的基本原理和计算公式，通过某大型化工企业的实例，提出了应用的要求，并筛选出了企业的９项主要的环境监测因子。     

浮选剂污染河段大型底栖无脊椎动物的群落特征及其对水质的评价

利用大型底栖动物的群落结构及其行为反应对有毒化合物——浮选剂污染河段水质进行评价,并提出了受浮选剂污染的污水生物系统评价标准.结果表明,主要污染物丁基磺药对涡虫(Dugesia gonocephala)的24h LC_51为78ppm.根据受污河段底栖动物群落的变化和涡虫在各断面河水中的行为反应,浮选剂污水生物系统可以划分成α-多污带,β-多污带,α-中污带,β-中污带和寡污带。并对所提出的浮选剂污水生物系统进行了讨论。     

The hierarchy and spatial characteristics of ecosystems: A reconsideration of the ecosystem concept (II)

This paper, based on the autonomy concept, continues to investigate hierarchical forms and spatial structure of ecosystems. The former can lead to limits for the selection of the component parts of an ecosystem and a distinction between its endogenous and exogenous variables; and the latter can be lead to a hypothesis of the space of an ecosystem: the space of an ecosystem = its habitat area + supporting area + impact area, and two characteristics of ecosystems, space-overlapping and the area of ecosystem space, have been further studied referring to human activities.     

对辽河水生生物资源枯竭原因的探讨

本文通过笔者的调查及对辽河近三ｏ年水质监测数据的分析，得出了辽河新民段水生生物资源枯竭的原因是河水中溶解氧过低的结论．     

明渠潮流中垂向紊动射流流场的数值模拟

选用ｋ－ε双方程紊流模型，对自由水面做“动”刚盖假设，建立了明渠潮流中垂向射流流场的数学模型，根据潮汐流动返复回荡的特点，对离散方程组的求解采用“跟踪扫描”逐行求解法，保护和加快了解的收敛，计算了５种不同回荡周期情况下射流流场的变化过程，预报回流区高度与实测值吻合。分析了潮汐非恒定性的影响，获得了一些有益的结论。     

小型污水处理装置的应用与发展

简要论述了小型污水处理装置的作用，对目前市场上该类产品的应用现状进行了分析，并提出其发展方向。