ABR反应器的两种快速启动方法对比

ABR反应器的启动是ABR反应器能否高效稳定运行的关键,其影响因素很多。为了更好地实现ABR反应器的启动,提出了通过2种不同启动方法的对比,即1^#反应器采用好氧预挂膜的方法,2^#反应器采用低负荷启动法,得出的结论为,好氧预挂膜启动法的启动时间短,COD去除率高,出水pH稳定,颗粒状污泥生长情况较好,是一种可推广的启动方法。     

Phytoavailability and geospeciation of cadmium in contaminated soil remediated by Rhodobacter sphaeroides

A microorganism was isolated from oil field injection water and identified as Rhodobacter sphaeroides. It was used for the remediation of simulated cadmium-contaminated soil. The phytoavailability of Cd was investigated through wheat seedling method to determine the efficiency of remediation. It was found that after remediation, the accumulation of Cd in wheat roots and leaves decreased by 67% and 53%, respectively. The Cd speciation in soil was determined with Tessier extraction procedure. It was found that the total Cd content in soil did not change during the experiments, but the geo-speciation of Cd changed remarkably. Among the five fractions, the concentration of exchangeable phases decreased by 27-46% and that of the phases bound to Fe-Mn oxides increased by 22-44%. The decrease of Cd accumulation in wheat showed significant positive correlation with the decrease of exchangeable phases. It could be concluded that the remediation of R. sphaeroides was carried out through the conversion of Cd to more stable forms. The decrease of sulfate concentration in supernatant indicated that the R. sphaeroides consumed sulfate.     

Ca/S比小于1条件下半干半湿法烟气脱硫技术的研究

通过对煤中灰分、粉煤灰中碱性物质成分、含量的分析 ,证明在Ca/S小于 1的条件下进行半干半湿法烟气脱硫是可行的。阐述了粉煤灰中碱性物质被有效利用的条件为高温、高湿和高压 ,该条件可以通过蒸汽输送粉煤灰来实现。     

Biostyr曝气生物滤池的沿程微生物多样性

采用高通量测序Illumina MiSeq方法对Biostyr曝气生物滤池（BAF）沿程微生物多样性进行研究,分析了滤池内不同高度样品中菌群类别、群落组成及不同样品间物种差异及进化关系等;同时测定各高度样品的COD、NH4+-N和磷变化规律,与微生物特性进行了对应性分析。结果表明,Biostyr曝气生物滤池优势菌群主要为拟杆菌、疣微菌门、厚壁菌门和变形菌门,滤池沿程微生物的变化主要表现在数量上的变化,而群落结构的变化不明显,这是沿程理化条件变化引发微生物在空间上发生变化的结果。     

电气石强化生物膜系统处理中药废水的启动及生物膜特性分析

将电气石与生物膜技术结合构建电气石强化生物膜系统处理中药废水,通过电气石调节生物膜微环境,以增强微生物代谢活性,从而提高了反应系统的处理能力。结果表明：电气石强化厌氧流化床(AFBR)反应系统经历160 d完成中药废水的启动实验,反应系统COD去除率达到87.8%,容积负荷达到5.34 kg·(m³·d)⁻¹,生物膜产甲烷活性达到126.4 mL·(g·d)⁻¹;电气石强化好氧流化床(FBR)反应系统统经历35 d完成启动实验后,出水COD稳定在76.5 mg·L⁻¹,反应系统对应的COD去除率和容积负荷分别为90.3%和1.4 kg·(m³·d)⁻¹。中药废水依次经AFBR和FBR处理后,出水水质满足《中药类制药工业水污染物排放标准》(GB 21906-2008)排放要求。以上结果可为实际工程项目提供理论依据和参考。     

Distribution and temporal trend of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in one Shanghai municipal landfill, China

The scarcity of information on polybrominated diphenyl ethers’ (PBDEs) flow in landfill restricts the life cycle analysis of PBDEs. In this study, eight PBDE congeners (BDEs 28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183, and 209) in topsoil, vegetation leaves, leachate, and municipal aged refuse collected from Shanghai Laogang Municipal Landfill (SLML) were investigated. The present study revealed elevated PBDE concentrations in topsoil and proved PBDE leakage from SLML and vegetation uptake. BDE-209 was the predominant congener, and this could be due to massive usage of deca-BDE mixture in Shanghai. ΣPBDE concentrations in leachates treated by reed wetland and A²/O process fell in the low end of the worldwide range. ΣPBDE concentrations in aged refuse samples rose from under 50 ng/g dw in 1989 to the range of 5,150–5,718 ng/g dw in 2002. PBDE concentrations increase in aged refuse samples throughout the 1990s into the 2000s paralleled municipal solid waste output from 1991 to 2002 in Shanghai. Exponential increase in BDE-209 concentration in aged refuse suggested the increasing market demands for deca-BDE mixture after 1990 in China. Notably, the inventory of PBDEs in SLML was 28.7 MT, and the doubling time of BDE-209 in aged refuse was calculated to be 1.6 year. SLML can be considered as a source of PBDE and one main recipient of PBDE as well, receiving inputs predominantly from the PBDE-containing waste. Priority should be given to formulate regulation on PBDEs and sorting work before landfill disposal.     

热活化过硫酸钾降解呋虫胺

以新烟碱类杀虫剂呋虫胺为目标污染物,以过硫酸钾为氧化剂,研究不同热活化条件下过硫酸钾对呋虫胺降解率的影响。实验结果表明:呋虫胺的降解率与溶液中过硫酸钾的浓度成正比;随着温度的升高,呋虫胺的降解率也逐渐升高;虽然中性时呋虫胺的降解率稍高于酸性和碱性时的降解率,但pH的变化对呋虫胺的降解率影响不大;Cl-和HCO3-对反应的影响比较复杂,当溶液中的Cl-和HCO3-的浓度低于5 mmol/L时,均促进呋虫胺的降解,而浓度升高时则抑制呋虫胺的降解;通过添加自由基捕获剂发现,该反应体系中同时存在·SO4-和·OH,但起主要作用的是·SO4-。     

Wet air oxidation of a reactive dye solution using CoAlPO(4)-5 and CeO(2) catalysts

Wet air oxidation of a prepared reactive dye solution was performed to assess the efficacy of CoAlPO(4)-5 and CeO(2) as catalysts in the reaction. Via adsorption and oxidation of dye, CoAlPO(4)-5 effectively decreased American Dye Manufacturers Institute and chemical oxygen demand (COD) values in the dye solution. At a reaction temperature of 135 degrees C and an applied pressure of 1.0 MPa, color and COD removal were as high as 95% and 90%, respectively, after 2 h. Active sites on the outer surface of CoAlPO(4)-5 are responsible for adsorption and decomposition of dye while active sites in the pores dominate further destruction and oxidation of intermediate products. Since the outer surface only represents a minor part of the total surface, the color removal does not increase appreciably with loading of CoAlPO(4)-5. The CeO(2) catalyst, calcined from cerium chloride under high thermal impact (type A CeO(2)) was very effective in removing color and COD from the solution. This catalyst demonstrated near 100% color removal at temperatures above 135 degrees C and the COD removal could be above 95% at 165 degrees C. With both CoAlPO(4)-5 and CeO(2) catalysts, COD rose and then fell back during the reaction, a feature typical of a consecutive reaction. In contrast to prepared CeO(2), a commercial CeO(2) did not exhibit any catalytic ability for the removal of color and COD. The durability of both CoAlPO(4)-5 and prepared CeO(2) is considered to be fair.