Association between short-term exposure to ambient air pollution and number of outpatient Helicobacter pylori infection visits

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Helicobacter pylori infection (HPI) is an important risk factor of gastrointestinal diseases, but factors leading to it are still not fully...     

电子制冷预浓缩仪-气相色谱-质谱法测空气中含硫化合物

建立电子制冷预浓缩仪-气相色谱-质谱法测定空气中10种含硫化合物的方法。经考察不同采样容器、优化预处理条件、研究样品保存等获得了最佳实验条件,并通过实际样品的测定,考察了方法的适用性。结果表明:硫化氢、甲硫醇和乙硫醇3种高活性含硫化合物校准曲线线性回归系数在0.990以上,另外7种含硫化合物在0.995以上;高、中、低空白加标样品相对标准偏差均为9.5%以内,乙硫醇由于具有高活性和吸附性,低浓度空白加标回收率为63%,其余组分回收率范围为83%~110%;当进样体积为400 mL时,各目标化合物的方法检出限为0.2×10^-3~1.1×10^-3 mg/m³。分析污水处理厂无组织排放监控点的空气结果显示,该方法具有较低的检出限及较强的抗干扰能力,能较好地满足目前监测工作的要求。     

Considering climate change and regional differences: An efficiency assessment of coal mine use and land restoration

China is the country with the largest coal mining production and consumption in the world, but due to a large amount of coal burning, air pollution and climate change are exasperating related problems. The previous literature mainly has discussed coal mine production and environmental pollution, but failed to take into account external factors such as climate change and seldom discussed the relationship between coal mine land use and land restoration. Therefore, this study uses the meta-Epsilon-Based Measure two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis under the exogenous model and incorporates coal mine land use and land restoration use into the model to explore the relationship between the two under climate change. The research results are as follows. (1) If the external climate factors are not considered, then the phenomenon of overestimation or underestimation of the technology gap arises. (2) The efficiency value of the coal mining stage in most provinces is generally higher than the land restoration efficiency value.     

考虑接头影响的综合管廊标准段地震响应分析∗

地震是造成综合管廊破坏的主要原因之一,综合管廊一旦发生破坏,其产生的后果将比传统埋地管道复杂得多。本文介绍了常见的几种综合管廊接头形式,并对不同的接头形式分别建立有限元模型,选取综合管廊标准段并考虑混凝土塑性损伤模型以及土体本构模型,利用自编程序施加黏弹性人工边界以及等效节点力对不同接头形式下管廊及内部管道进行地震响应分析。结果表明,在不同地震动强度下的最大纵向位移差,整体现浇结构的响应会高于预制拼装结构,且随着地震动强度的增加,响应的差异会进一步增大。两种接头形式下,管廊标准段在地震动作用下的损伤很小,仅在地震动峰值加速度达到0.4g及以上时会发生轻微损伤,不会影响正常使用。同一地震动作用下,小管径的管道应力水平会小于大管径的管道应力水平。同时采用橡胶止水带和预应力钢筋的接头形式会比仅采用橡胶止水带的接头形式更有利于降低廊内管道的应力水平。考虑到采用预应力钢筋连接的预制拼装结构会进一步提高廊内管道的安全水平,因此,在成本允许的情况下,不仅要考虑接头的防水,还应该采用预应力筋对相邻节段连接,进一步提升综合管廊的抗震性能。     

氧苯酮对龙须菜(Gracilaria lemaneiformis)光合作用和呼吸作用的影响

本文以野生龙须菜（Gracilaria lemaneiformis）为受试材料,测定氧苯酮（BP-3）胁迫下龙须菜的快速叶绿素荧光、光合放氧/呼吸耗氧速率及活性氧含量的变化,研究了不同浓度的氧苯酮对龙须菜光合作用和呼吸作用的影响,分析了氧苯酮对水生植物的伤害机理。结果表明,用5～30 μmol/L的BP-3在黑暗条件下处理30 h后,龙须菜的呼吸作用不受影响,但光合作用PSII受体侧电子传递受到明显抑制。在80 μmol/(m2·s)光下,5～30 μmol/L 的BP-3可导致光合作用光能吸收与利用的失衡并诱发活性氧的大量产生,且抑制作用随胁迫浓度升高而加剧。活性氧测定结果进一步显示,光下BP-3诱导的氧化胁迫加剧了龙须菜光合作用PSII受体侧的破坏,并进一步损伤其呼吸作用过程和光合作用PSII供体侧。     

Numerical and experimental studies of turbulence in vegetated open-channel flows

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - A numerical model based on the double-averaged (spatial and ensemble averaged) method has been developed to simulate vegetated free surface flows. The classical $$k...     

欧盟化学物质法规管理选择分析对我国化学物质环境管理的启示

法规管理选择分析(RMOA)是欧盟对受关注的化学物质在法定管理方面开展的具体问题具体分析的策略,即"一品一策".其能够促使主管部门在决策化学物质的管控法规时尽快达成共识,并有力地支撑欧盟高关注物质路线图(SVHC Road-map)和一体化规管战略(IRS)的实施.RMOA是一项有效的法规管理与选择决策的程序,但我国对于RMOA的研究尚处于起步阶段.本研究介绍了RMOA这项决策的产生和发展,分析了该决策所取得的成果,阐明了其在欧盟化学物质管理中作用与意义.提出了适合中国化学物质法规管理选择分析的方法,以期对我国化学物质环境风险管理体系的建立健全提供参考.     

硫酸铜和马度米星铵联合暴露对鲫鱼的毒性和效应标记物研究

为探究硫酸铜和马度米星铵对水产动物的生态毒性,本研究以鲫鱼为模型,从急性毒性、亚急性毒性和遗传毒性3个方面研究硫酸铜和马度米星铵单一与联合暴露对鲫鱼的毒性效应.结果 表明,硫酸铜对鲫鱼96 h的半数致死浓度(50％ lethal concentration,LC50)为3.6 mg·L-1,硫酸铜和马度米星铵联合暴露时,硫酸铜对鲫鱼的96 h-LC50为1.4 mg· L-1,马度米星铵对鲫鱼的96 h-LC50为4.2 mg·L-1,硫酸铜对鲫鱼为高等毒性;硫酸铜和马度米星铵对鲫鱼的联合毒性表现为协同作用.染毒第7天,硫酸铜和马度米星铵均可影响过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GPx)的活性,随着剂量和染毒时间的增加,CAT和GPx的活性逐渐下降.硫酸铜和马度米星铵单一或联合暴露7d或21 d显著下调cat基因表达,对sod和gpx基因表达无显著影响.染毒后期,染毒组谷丙转氨酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate transaminase,AST)和碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)活性及丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量均高于对照组.硫酸铜和马度米星铵单一及联合染毒均能诱导鲫鱼红细胞产生微核,微核数与硫酸铜和马度米星铵的浓度呈正相关;随着硫酸铜和马度米星铵浓度的增加,肝细胞的脱氧核糖核酸(deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA)出现断裂,彗星尾部所占比例逐渐升高;高浓度联合染毒组红细胞微核率和肝细胞尾部DNA百分比显著高于单一染毒组.硫酸铜和马度米星铵联合暴露可导致鲫鱼血液毒性、肝细胞氧化损伤及遗传毒性的加和性,为评估Cu2+与马度米星铵复合污染对鲫鱼的生态毒性提供基础数据和理论依据.     

中药抗菌剂对费氏弧菌的单一及联合毒性效应

抗生素滥用所导致的环境问题日益受到人们的关注,寻找传统抗生素的可能替代品迫在眉睫.从中药中提取的具有抗菌活性的化合物(简称中药抗菌剂)因具有资源丰富、抗菌谱广和不良反应低等特点,有望成为未来替代抗生素的关键.因此,有必要探究中药抗菌剂的毒性效应,这可以对未来中药抗菌剂使用后的生态风险提供指导.本文以费氏弧菌作为模式生物,分别测定了大黄素(emodin,EMO)、大黄酸(rhein,RH)、芦荟大黄素(aloe-emodin,AE)和双氢青蒿素(dihydroartemisinin,DHA)4种中药抗菌剂对费氏弧菌的单一和多元联合毒性,同时进行了抑菌作用机理的初步讨论.结果 表明,4种中药抗菌剂对费氏弧菌的生物荧光均能产生较为明显的抑制作用,毒性排序是EMO＞RH＞AE＞DHA.而当EMO、RH、AE和DHA混合暴露时,混合物在高浓度区间的联合毒性作用模式均为拮抗,推测是受试中药抗菌剂之间互相竞争性地对NADH脱氢酶产生抑制作用,从而导致对发光反应的抑制作用较单一暴露时减弱.本研究对未来中药抗菌剂单一及联合毒性效应的研究具有积极的推动作用,有望为今后中药抗菌剂的生态风险评价提供参考.     

Sewage sludge ditch for recovering heavy metals can improve crop yield and soil environmental quality

• Indirect use of sludge in ditches alongside plants was tested in field experiments. • The dried and stabilized sludge in ditches was recovered with heavy metals. • Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in the planted soil were all in a safe range. • The indirect use of sludge increased plant yield, soil N content and C storage. The treatment and disposal of municipal sewage sludge (MSS) is an urgent problem to be resolved in many countries. Safely using the nutrients within MSS to increase crop yield and enhance the fertility of poor soil could contribute to achieving sustainable development. An indirect use of MSS in ditches alongside Pennisetum hybridum plants was studied in field plots for 30 months and the contents of heavy metals and macronutrients were monitored in soil, sludge and plant samples. We found that the yield of P. hybridum was significantly increased by 2.39 to 2.80 times and the treated plants had higher N content compared with no sludge. In addition, the organic matter (OM) and N contents in the planted soil increased significantly compared with the initial soil. The OM content in the planted soil of the MSS treatment was 2.9 to 5.2 times higher than that with no sludge, and N increased by 2.0 to 3.8 times. However, MSS had no significant effect on the N, P and K contents in the soil at the bottom of the MSS ditch, and the content of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) were also within the safe range. Moreover, the moisture content and phytotoxicity of MSS after this indirect use were reduced and the heavy metal contents changed little, which is favorable to the further disposal of recovered MSS. Therefore, this indirect use of MSS is beneficial to agricultural production, soil quality and environmental sustainability.