火灾探测算法评估技术研究

论述了火灾探测算法评估技术研究的重要性。提出一种火灾探测算法评估技术方法,在评估过程中主要考虑了火灾探测算法的三种重要属性,即火灾探测性能、环境适应性和抗误报能力。设计并实现了三种火灾探测算法评估模式和相应的实验流程,包括实体实验、接口模拟和软件模拟。为每一种模式设计了具体的实验方法,评估实例证明了所设计的模式和方法的有效性。     

汽油加生物添加剂对发动机废气排放的影响研究

通过发动机的台架试验,系统研究了将一种热带植物提取物作为添加剂加入到不同成分的汽油中对汽油机废气排放特性的影响．结果表明：对于93^#高清洁汽油和93^#成分汽油,除了未燃碳氢(HC)略有上升外,其他排放物如氮氧化物NOx、一氧化碳等有所减少,CO2排放有明显的改善．对于乙醇汽油,则HC和CO2略有上升．     

固相萃取富集快速测定水样中痕量铜离子

采用固相萃取（SPE）富集水样中痕量铜离子继以分光光度法测定的方法,对样品浓度、SPE柱流速等诸多影响SPE柱效率的因素进行了研究,建立了一种简便、快速测定水样中痕量铜离子的新方法。结果表明,样品浓度低时,经过SPE柱时流速低,SPE柱富集效率高。当铜离子浓度为0－20μg／L时,铜离子富集倍数可达2000倍,回收率大于90％,相对标准偏差为6．5％,方法检测限可达0．5μg／L。     

珠海2019年秋季一次大气污染过程的特征、 成因及来源分析

2019年秋季在珠三角典型沿海城市珠海观测到一次中重度污染过程,本文对此次过程的污染特征、形成机制和来源进行了研究.通过 采集PM_2.5样品,分析了9种水溶性无机离子（WSIIs）、有机碳（OC）、元素碳（EC）和水溶性有机碳（WSOC）等化学组分的浓度水平和污染特征;进一步结合污染过程中的不利天气形势、72 h后向气流轨迹及PM_2.5的潜在源贡献因子（WPSCF）和浓度权重轨迹（WCWT）等方法分析了污染的形成机制和来源.结果表明,有机物（OM）是污染时期PM_2.5中增长最快的组分,其次是占WSIIs约82.46%的SO₄^2-、NO₃^-和NH₄⁺（SNA）. NO₃^-/SO₄^2-均值为0.20,表明珠海以固定源污染为主;硫氧化率（SOR）均值为0.65,氮氧化率（NOR）均值为0.08,高温高湿的气象条件可能是 造成珠海比中国其他城市SOR偏高而NOR偏低的原因.在污染时段,二次有机碳（SOC）明显增加,WSOC/SOC随污染物的升高而降低并趋近于1,因此, 污染时期的WSOC可能主要是二次生成的.副高控制型、台风外围型和高压出海型等天气形势控制着整个珠三角地区时,不利于污染物的传输和扩散,使污染加剧.后向气流轨迹分析表明,污染时期的气团轨迹主要来自于高污染的内陆地区,这可能是造成此次污染形成的重要原因和来源.WPSCF和WCWT的高值区主要集中在江西、广东等内陆地区,因此,珠海在控制本地排放的同时,也应该关注上风向临近省市的污染排放.     

昆明市经济发展梯度及经济一体化发展策略

昆明市下辖14个县(市)区,14个县(市)区之间经济发展水平差异显著。建立了昆明市经济发展水平评价指标体系,利用聚类分析法结合2006年《昆明统计年鉴》以及2006年《云南省统计年鉴》数据,将14个县(市)区划分为3个经济梯度,并提出了梯度间一体化发展策略。     

Anaerobic degradation behavior of nonylphenol polyethoxylates in sludge

Anaerobic biodegradation behavior of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) was investigated. Results showed that terminal electron acceptors, organic matters, initial concentration, and temperature had great influence on the anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs. Anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs could be enhanced by adding sulfate or nitrate while this process could be inhibited by adding organic matters. The maximum removal rate increased 1.24 microM d(-1) for each ten micromoles increase in initial concentration. The decrease in temperature caused a sharp decrease in the removal efficiency of NPEOs. The temperature coefficient (PHI) for the anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs was 0.01 degrees C(-1). Nonylphenol (NP), the typical intermediate of NPEOs, could inhibit the anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs only at high concentration. However, these environmental factors had no effect on the anaerobic biodegradation pathway of NPEOs. The accumulation of NP and short-chain NPEOs during NPEO biodegradation led to a significant increase in the estrogenic activity during the biodegradation period.     

Enhancement of solubilization and acidification of waste activated sludge by pretreatment

The effects of various pretreatment methods, including thermo-acid, thermo-alkaline, ultrasonic-alkaline and ultrasonic-acid, on solubilization and subsequent acidification efficiency of waste activated sludge (WAS) were investigated. The results showed that both thermo-alkaline and ultrasonic-alkaline significantly improved the solubilization of WAS at a high concentration (7.4% of total solids). Solubilization of volatile solids (VS) and crude protein was 60.2-61.6% and 66.8-67.5%, respectively. Thermo-alkaline or ultrasonic-alkaline pretreatment also enhanced the efficiency of subsequent WAS acidification. Experimental results showed that they had similar effects on the acidification of WAS. The conversion ratio from VS to total volatile fatty acids (TVFAs) was 0.230 in the case of the ultrasonic-alkaline pretreatment. Through this pretreatment, the level of TVFAs was 68% more than the untreated WAS after 252 h of fermentation. The mechanism of TVFAs production under different pretreatment methods was further investigated and the results indicated that soluble protein was the main substrate for TVFAs production from the WAS after the thermo-alkaline or ultrasonic-alkaline pretreatment.     

错流式生物滴滤床净化甲苯废气

采用焦化厂污泥为菌源驯化甲苯降解菌,接种错流式生物滴滤床,净化含甲苯废气。研究了生物滴滤床的挂膜启动和长期运行情况,填料和营养液对滴滤床去除能力的影响,并对长期运行的压降进行了观察分析。反应器挂膜启动需要6 d时间,稳定运行的平均去除效率为95％,单位体积最大去除负荷为251 g/(m³·h)。结果表明,采用错流式生物滴滤床可以有效去除甲苯废气;以比表面积大的生物陶粒作为填料以及定期适量更换营养液,均有助于提高生物滴滤床的去除能力;错流式生物滴滤床具有压降小、气液分布均匀的特点。     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Environmental Impact Assessment of Industrial Structure Change in a Rural Region of China

As the embodiment of human activities, the change of regional industrial structure is an essential driving factor of global environmental change. Consequently, the research on the change of regional industrial structure and associated effects on the environment is one of the key issues of researches on sustainable development, human–environment relationship, and regional response to global environment change. However, compared to the flourish of researches on environmental impact assessment of industrial departments, few studies have been conducted to assess the environmental impact of regional industrial structure. In this study, based on a synthetic analysis of environmental disturbances of different industrial departments, the environmental impact coefficient of industrial department associated with the index of environmental impact of industrial structure was constructed, so as to make a quantitative assessment of environmental impact of the change of regional industrial structure. And the results of the case study in Lijiang City, a rural region of China, have showed that there are two obvious changes of industrial structure in the study area from 1992 to 2003, associated with a continuous decreasing of the index of environmental impact of industrial structure, which indicated a positive environmental effects of the change of regional industrial structure.     

固硫生物型煤

研究出生物型煤的生产工艺流程,对型煤和生物型煤的固硫技术进行了研究,成功试验生产出固硫性能优良的生物型煤,为中国煤能源可持续发展利用开辟了新途径。