残留农膜对土壤性状的影响

残留农膜对土壤性状具有重要影响,如破坏土壤结构、危害作物正常生长发育并造成农作物减产,进而影响到农业环境.通过对临沂市义唐镇农膜残留量不同地块的土壤性状进行对比分析,得出,随着土壤中农膜残留量的增加,土壤团聚体含量、抗蚀指数、团聚度、土壤有机质含量、N、P、K含量、土壤微生物量均表现出下降的趋势,且CK与DK3间差异达到了显著水平(p<0.05),而土壤分散率并没有表现出相同趋势.这种规律在表层土壤(0～20 cm)表现的更为明显.     

建筑施工场界噪声监测存在的问题及对策

文章对目前建筑施工场界噪声监测中存在的影响监测结果的代表性问题进行了系统分析,并对这些问题提出了要坚持客观、公正的原则,根据施工单位的排污申报表掌握工程情况,配合环境管理和监察人员选准监测时机,适当增加监测点位作好监测记录,适当增加监测次数,提高监测结果的透明度等对策和建议.     

GIS与大气环境模型集成研究与实践

通过对地理信息系统和大气环境质量模型结合客观需求的分析 ,探讨了二者在不同层次上的集成模式 ,提出了地理信息系统和大气质量模型集成系统的体系框架。以这些理论研究为基础 ,进行了地理信息系统和大气质量模型紧密结合模式的系统软件设计与开发     

降雨──产流过程与氮、磷流失特征研究

以于桥水库流域为例,通过人工降雨模拟实验与天然降雨径流过程监测,对所获主要营养盐物质－氮、磷的监测数据进行归纳、分析、验证,得出氮、磷随径流过程的输出特下,变化趋势、共性与差异,以及主要影响因子对氮、磷流失的影响过程与原因分析,为水体富化的防治研究提供依据。     

聚合氯化铝的27Al NMR研究

聚合氯化铝(PAC)是一种水处理混凝剂,七十年代以来已在我国、日本及其它一些画家得到应用。这种混凝剂是铝离子的水解聚合产物,有较高的铝含量及较大的羟铝比。我们用~(27)Al NMR(核磁共振)法对PAC及其水稀释物中铝的形态进行初步研究,以了解稀释对PAC组成变化的影响。     

干湿变化和保水剂对植物生长和水分利用效率的影响

在盆栽玉米、大豆和辣椒的生长阶段进行高水分 (土壤田间持水量FC 10 0 %～ 80 % )、中水分 (FC 70 %～5 5 % )、低水分 (FC 5 0 %～ 40 % )处理 ,后复水至充分供水 .分析 3种植物在干湿变化中的生长和水分利用效应 ,比较土壤施用保水剂的效果 .结果发现 ,水分处理期间 3种植物生长变化与水分供给紧密相关 ,单株干重均表现为 :m (高水分 ) >m(中水分 ) >m(低水分 ) .但水分利用效率 (WUE)效应不一 ,中水分处理下玉米和大豆WUE为 2 0 .2gkg-1和3 .70gkg-1,分别比高水分处理还高 5 9.1%和 2 9.7% .水分处理又复水后 15d ,玉米在中水分处理复水的单株干重增加 39.6 3g ,是一直充分供水处理的 175 .0 % ,WUE达到 13 .3gkg-1,呈现超补偿生长效应和水分利用效率效应 .辣椒在中水分处理后复水 ,其青椒产量较高水分处理增加 6 % ,呈现产量补偿效应 .土壤加入保水剂可明显提高作物在低土壤水分条件下WUE .图 4表 1参 13     

Atmospheric isoprene and monoterpenes in a typical urban area of Beijing: Pollution characterization, chemical reactivity and source identification

Continuous observation of isoprene, α-pinene and β-pinene was carried out in a typical urban area of Beijing from March 2014 to February 2015, using an AirmoV OC online analyzer. Based on the analysis of the ambient level and variation characteristics of isoprene, α-pinene and β-pinene, the chemical reactivity was studied, and their sources were identified. Results showed that the concentrations of isoprene, α-pinene and β-pinene in the urban area of Beijing were lower than those in richly vegetated areas; the concentrations of isoprene were at a moderate level compared with those of previous studies of Beijing. Concentrations of isoprene, α-pinene and β-pinene showed different seasonal, monthly, daily and diurnal variations, and all of the three species showed higher level at night than those in the daytime as a whole, the variations of isoprene, α-pinene and β-pinene mainly influenced by emission of sources, photochemical reaction, and meteorological parameters. Isoprene was the largest contributor to the total OFP values than α-pinene and β-pinene. α-Pinene was the largest contributor to the total SOAFP values than isoprene and β-pinene in autumn, while isoprene was the largest one in other seasons. Isoprene, α-pinene and β-pinene were derived mainly from biological sources; and α-pinene level were also affected by industrial sources. To reduce the concentrations of isoprene, α-pinene and β-pinene, it is necessary to scientifically select urban green plant species, and more strict control measures should be taken to reduce the emission of α-pinene from industrial sources, such as artificial flavors and resins synthesis processes.     

真养产碱杆菌ATCC17699生产聚β－羟基丁酸摇瓶发酵条件的研究

在摇瓶条件下，首先对Ａ．ｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｕｓ生产ＰＨＢ的一步法和二步法进行了比较研究，然后探讨了Ａ．ｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｕｓ对不同碳源的利用情况，提出了较佳的ＰＨＢ发酵条件，并分析了ＰＨＢ的发酵过程曲线．研究结果表明，本研究采用的Ａ．ｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｕｓ以一步法生产ＰＨＢ较为适宜，其对３种不同碳源的利用能力为：果糖＞丁酸＞葡萄糖；培养基中的丁酸浓度和ｐＨ值对ＰＨＢ发酵的生产指标和动力学参数有较大影响，其最佳值为１．８％和ｐＨ为０．８；最终发酵过程达到细胞于重ρ＝７．２ｇ·Ｌ－１，胞内ＰＨＢ含量ρ＝５．０ｇ·Ｌ－１，ω（ＰＨＢ）占细胞干重７２．２％．     

Fish consumption and plasma levels of organochlorines in a female population in Northern Norway

Increased cancer incidence and mortality have been found among humans exposed to high levels of organochlorines (OCs), either accidentally or as industrial workers. In order to assess levels of OCs in Norwegian women north of the Arctic Circle and validate self-reported fish consumption as a surrogate measure of organochlorine body burden, concentrations of seven polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners [IUPAC Nos. CB-105, CB-118, CB-138 (+ CB-163), CB-153, CB-180, CB-183, CB-187], beta-hexachlorocyclohexane (beta-HCH), 2,2'-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-1,1-dichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) and cis- and trains-chlordane (c-CD and t-CD) were examined in plasma samples of middle-aged women attending for health screening. Altogether, 47 of those invited (81%) completed a questionnaire and donated a suitable blood sample. The ability of questionnaire data to predict plasma levels of OCs was tested in linear and logistic regression analyses. Measured plasma concentrations were in the range reported for the general female population of other Western countries and the relative amounts of PCBs were similar to the circumpolar pattern. Intake of seagulls' eggs was a predictor of PCB congeners CB-138 (+CB-163) (p<0.05) and CB-153 (p<0.01). No other food category was positively associated with any compound. In contrast, duration of residence in the study municipality, body mass index (BMI) and lifetime lactation (months) were the best univariate predictors. There was an increase in beta-HCH, p,p'-DDE and most of the PCBs (p<0.05 for all) with increasing length of time a subject had lived in the municipality. BMI was a positive predictor for beta-HCH (OR=3.10, 95% CI 1.50-6.43, per 5 kgm(-2)), chlordane (OR=2.13, 95% CI 1.12-4.05, per 5 kgm(-2)) and CB-105 and CB-153 (p<0.05 for both). Lactation was negatively associated with all OCs (p<0.05), except chlordane and two of the PCB congeners. Time living in the municipality and lactation explained 34%, of the variance in concentration of total PCB in a multivariate model (p<0.001). The results indicate that regular consumption of fish (mostly lean species) from the Norwegian waters is not associated with an increased body burden of OCs (e.g., of importance to cancer development), although they confirm that lactation is the most important elimination route of these contaminants in women.     

海洋真核微藻粒级结构及其环境影响因素

采用高通量测序-分子鉴定分级技术于2018年对大长山岛临近海域微藻粒级结构进行了研究,同时探讨了叶绿素a分级法测算微藻粒级结构的误差.结果发现,叶绿素a分级法测算微微型藻类（< 3μm）误差高达82%,严重低估了小粒径微藻的组成,分子鉴定分级法测算春季小粒径微藻生物量组成平均为86%,夏季平均为52%,秋季平均为20%.春季优势种抑食金球藻生物量占41%,夏季优势种金牛微球藻生物量占21%,这2种微微型藻类会严重影响滤食性贝类正常摄食生长,养殖风险较高.总氮、总磷、溶解硅等环境因子和贝类摄食的下行效应影响着该海域微藻粒级结构的变化.