在 UASB 反应器中颗粒污泥的培养与应用研究

七十年代以来,世界各国出现了一批高速废水厌氧处理工艺,其中上流式厌氧污泥床(简称UASB)反应器是应用最广泛的装置之一。由于在UASB反应器中污泥的沉降性能不仅影响反应器结构,而且直接决定了反应器能否高负荷、高效率地运行,因此近几年来国内外一些学者都开始对具有优良沉降性能和高活性的颗粒污泥进行研究,但在我国,目前几乎所有的生产性UASB装置内污泥都是絮状的,处理负荷和效率都较低,本文研究了在UASB反应器中污泥颗粒化的条件和培养技术,并在此基础上对有关颗粒污泥实用性等方面的问题也进行了一定的探讨。     

Non-UV germicidal activity of fresh TiO2 and Ag/TiO2

Fresh TiO2 was found to possess a strong germicidal activity even without UV irradiation. Live Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cells in contact with fresh TiO2 were found deformed and dead after 15 min contact. The cause of germicidal activity was discussed from the observed cell deformation, lysis and increased absorption at 1680 cm-1 in FT-IR spectra of the affected cells, which proved the oxidizing effect of fresh TiO2 to cells. The deformation caused by the stretching of cell wall and pressure built-up inside the cell, led to cell burst and release of intracellular materials. The degree of cell deformation was found positively related with the wetting property of TiO2. Cells are negatively charged, for Gram-negative cell (thinner cell wall), a higher germicidal effect was observed than Gram-positive cells. The germicidal effect of TiO2 gradually decreases after exposure to air at room temperature, as the wetting property decreases. This kind of germicidal activity was more effective compared to other germicidal process such as UVA/TiO2 or Ag+. This shed light on designing new germicidal material either maintained by visible light irradiation, or by oxidation effect generated by reactive oxygen species.     

永定县典型地质灾害成因分析与防治建议

本文针对福建省永定县地质灾害详细调查中典型地质灾害点--滑坡的发育特征和形成因素进行了研究,并提出了相应的防治建议,以期为类似地质灾害的调查和治理提供一定的依据和借鉴.     

填埋气产气量估算模型在我国的应用

填埋气(LFG)是一种利用价值高的高热值清洁燃料,对LFG进行控制和利用已成为城市垃圾处置技术的重要组成部分,但有效开发利用的前提是对LFG产量及产气速率进行较为准确的估算。重点分析了两中典型的生活垃圾填埋气估算模型:Land GEM模型、Scholl Cayon模型,探讨了这两种模型参数的确定。并以北京市某填埋场为例,运用两种模型预测该填埋场填埋气产气量,比较讨论分析了两模型预测结果的差异,为LFG的利用提供了设计依据。     

福创溪-大排沟黑臭水体一河一策治理工程

福创溪-大排沟位于海口市桂林洋经济开发区,受周边农业面源污染、养殖废水、生活污水等影响,河道呈黑臭状态。福创溪下游河段属感潮河段,河水盐度较高,传统的水体修复技术受到限制。根据一河一策治理方案,开展内源清淤-截污纳管-污水处理-曝气增氧-红树林生态系统技术,对福创溪-大排沟黑臭水体进行了治理。现场8个月的检测数据显示,断面DO浓度均大于2 mg·L-1,ORP大于50 mV,NH3-N小于8 mg·L-1,河水透明度大于25 cm,实现了消除黑臭的目标。     

辽宁典型海域表层海水中在用化学农药浓度水平与潜在生态风险

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪分析了辽宁典型海域表层海水中14种在用化学农药(current use pesticides,CUPs)浓度水平,探讨了CUPs的可能来源,并评估其潜在生态风险.结果 表明,辽宁典型海域表层海水中共检出7种CUPs,总浓度水平范围为16.7 ～176.1 ng·L-1,高值区域主要位于河流...     

Estimation of PM10 in the traffic-related atmosphere for three road types in Beijing and Guangzhou, China

The levels of roadside PM10 in Beijing, China, were investigated in 2011 and 2012 on a seasonal basis to estimate the population exposure to particulates for three road types. The measurements of PM10 were also conducted in the southern Chinese megacity of Guangzhou for comparison purposes. The results showed that roadside PMlo in Beijing correlated strongly with the PM10 background in the urban atmosphere. The levels of PM10 in street canyons were markedly higher than those along the open roads and in crossroad areas because of limited ventilation. An elevation of PM10 was observed in April, which was possibly due to the sand storms that frequently occur in the spring. Based on these observations, roadside PM10 in Beijing could have multiple origins and was to some extent dispersion- governed. In Guangzhou, the roadside PM10 did not closely relate to the background values. The PM10 pollution was greatly affected by local traffic conditions. The simulation of PM10 for different road types was completed during the study period using the Motor Vehicle Emissions Factor Model （MOBILE6.2） as an emission model and the California Line Source Dispersion Model （CALINE4） and Operational Street Pollution Model （OSPM） as dispersion models. The MOBILE6.2/CALINE4 software package was demonstrated to be sufficient for the simulation of PM10 in the open roads and crossroad areas in both Beijing and Guangzhou, and the simulation results of roadside PM10 in the street canyons by the MOBILE6.2/OSPM package were in close agreement with those of the measurements.     

娘子关泉岩溶地下水水化学特征分析

天然地下水系统中的水-岩相互作用是控制地下水水质的主要水文地球化学过程,地下水水质取决于水-岩相互作用的程度。本文通过对阳泉市娘子关泉岩溶地下水水文地球化学的调查,并利用水-岩相互作用理论,分析了娘子关泉岩溶水系统地下水的水化学特征及其水质恶化的原因。结果表明:造成该地区岩溶地下水水质恶化的主要影响因素是采矿活动,其作用方式主要表现为采矿排水下渗补给和矿坑水越流补给两方面,其作用结果导致地下水中SO24-和部分微量元素含量升高;此外来自生活或工业污水的渗漏补给对该地区岩溶地下水水质也有影响,主要表现为地下水中NO3-、硼等污染组分含量上升。     

搅拌棒吸附萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用测定海水中邻苯二甲酸酯

为了测定海水中痕量邻苯二甲酸酯,构建并优化了搅拌棒吸附萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用方法.选取邻苯二甲酸二甲酯、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯这6种邻苯二甲酸酯作为研究对象,优化了萃取时间和解析时间等5种因素,通过回收率和相对标准偏差等对SBSE-GC-MS方法进行验证.结果表明,最佳萃取时间为2 h,最佳甲醇添加量为10%,最佳氯化钠添加量为5%,最佳解析时间为50 min,最佳解析溶剂为甲醇∶乙腈=4∶1(体积比).6种邻苯二甲酸酯的峰面积和质量浓度线性对应关系良好,相关性系数均大于0.997,检出限在0.25~174.42 ng·L-1之间,不同质量浓度的回收率均在56.97%~124.22%之间,相对标准偏差在0.41%~14.39%之间.在建立方法的基础上,测定了胶州湾主要河流入海口的样品,结果表明所有采样点均检出邻苯二甲酸酯,邻苯二甲酸二乙酯检出率为100%,质量浓度较大的污染物为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸丁基苄基酯、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯和邻苯二甲酸二辛酯.     

用VB开发电子阅览室登录计费系统

介绍了基于VB SQL SERVER电子阅览室登录系统的设计与实现.从数据库设计、操作过程等方面讨论了所遇到的并解决的关键问题:登录功能的实现,语音功能、上机计时收费、打印收费功能以及各种统计查询功能的实现等,形成了一个完整的,功能较为齐全的,安全性和工作效率较高的电子阅览室登录系统.