白腐真菌-活性污泥联合处理棉浆黑液的研究

棉浆黑液是一类较难处理的工业有机废水,其中含有大量木质素,木质素不仅是化纤工业废水中主要污染物,而且也是造纸工业的副产物,由于得不到充分利用,变成环境污染物,严重污染了环境.因此,迫切需要一种高效低成本的处理方法来解决这一问题.为了有效处理化纤厂棉浆黑液,采用以白腐真菌糙皮侧耳(Pleutrotus ostreatus)B1为降解菌的鼓泡塔反应器与活性污泥法联合处理棉浆黑液,初步摸索可行的处理工艺并确定相关参数.棉浆黑液经鼓泡塔反应器预处理、活性污泥法后处理,废水COD去除率为94%～97%,出水COD低于国家污水三级排放标准(1 000 mg·L-1).将白腐真菌糙皮侧耳B1投加到活性污泥中,逐渐增加进水负荷,COD去除率为55%～83%,明显好于活性污泥单独处理工艺.实验结果表明了白腐真菌.活性污泥联合处理棉浆黑液是可行的.     

Combustion and inorganic bromine emission of waste printed circuit boards in a high temperature furnace

High temperature combustion experiments of waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) were conducted using a lab-scale system featuring a continuously-fed drop tube furnace. Combustion efficiency and the occurrence of inorganic bromine (HBr and Br₂) were systematically studied by monitoring the main combustion products continuously. The influence of furnace temperature (T) was studied from 800 to 1400 °C, the excess air factor (EAF) was varied from 1.2 to 1.9 and the residence time in the high temperature zone (RT_HT) was set at 0.25, 0.5, or 0.75 s.Combustion efficiency depends on temperature, EAF and RT_HT; temperature has the most significant effect. Conversion of organic bromine from flame retardants into HBr and Br₂ depends on temperature and EAF. Temperature has crucial influence over the ratio of HBr to Br₂, whereas oxygen partial pressure plays a minor role. The two forms of inorganic bromine seem substantially to reach thermodynamic equilibrium within 0.25 s. High temperature is required to improve the combustion performance: at 1200 °C or higher, an EAF of 1.3 or more, and a RT_HT exceeding 0.75 s, combustion is quite complete, the CO concentration in flue gas and remained carbon in ash are sufficiently low, and organobrominated compounds are successfully decomposed (more than 99.9%).According to these results, incineration of waste PCBs without preliminary separation and without additives would perform very well under certain conditions; the potential precursors for brominated dioxins formation could be destroyed efficiently. Increasing temperature could decrease the volume percentage ratio of Br₂/HBr in flue gas greatly.     

预应力螺栓安装的力学性能计算方法

采用张拉器安装螺栓能使其产生比较一致的预紧力,因而得以广泛使用,推导出张拉量和残余预紧力之间的函数关系式,并给出计算实例,为这种预紧螺栓安装法提供了理论依据。     

内燃机排放污染物控制技术研究

根据内燃机排放的废气中有害成分的形成机理 ,通过采取控制燃烧、控制燃料、废物再循环、安装设施及更改发动机设计等方法 ,使内燃机污染物排放得以控制     

加拿大、美国采用的烟气脱硫技术

介绍了Turbosonic烟气脱硫技术和美国Airpol公司的湿法脱硫技术。     

异喹啉季铵盐在盐酸中对A3钢的吸附及其缓蚀作用

采用失重、电化学法研究了异喹啉季铵盐在 1mol/L盐酸溶液中对A3钢的缓蚀行为及吸附规律。实验表明 ,异喹啉季铵盐是一种阴、阳极混合型缓蚀剂 ,其缓蚀性能优良 ,在A3钢表面产生化学吸附 ,吸附过程为放热反应。     

新型固定床生物膜反应器硝化性能的研究

本文以无纺布作为硝化反应器的填料 ,对其硝化负荷能力进行了探讨 ,同时对硝化过程中亚硝酸盐氮积累和影响氨氮去除的原因进行了分析。在NH3 N容积负荷为 1 .7kg/(m3·d)的情况下 ,可实现 98%以上的NH3 N去除率。溶解氧浓度为 4mg/L ,进水氨氮浓度为 30 0mg/L时硝化柱内开始出现亚硝酸盐氮积累 ,通过加大曝气量等措施可在一定程度上消除其影响。停止运行两个半月后 ,可在一周内基本恢复硝化功能。     

中国西部开发防灾减灾建设综合管理战略初论——谈西部生态建设山川秀美评价

中国西部开发战略作为迈向21世纪的壮举,已引发各界的关注。但如何在西部大开发中实施防灾减灾战略,即如何利用科技减灾为西部生态环境建设作贡献则成为全部问题的焦点。本文指出,应崇尚一种实事求是的科学精神及战略观念,靠科学评估,靠灾害风险分析,靠适度的生态环境政策,确保21世纪西部开发的规划、设计、建设各个环节中充分考虑防灾减灾这一关系西部可持续发展的关键要素。     

河南省信阳茶叶资源的开发研究

根据河南省信阳茶叶生产现状,从自然资源合理开发利用角度,用联系、发展的观点提出了河南省信阳茶叶资源良种开发、技术开发及产品开发的重点内容及方向。     

陈皮柠檬酱的研制

介绍了以柑桔皮为主要原料,新鲜柠檬为辅料,对原料进行脱苦、打浆、调配、研磨、熬煮等处理工艺,制成甜酸适度、香气浓郁的陈皮柠檬酱。