用废变压器油吸收废气中的二甲苯

以废变压器油作为吸收剂对二甲苯废气进行吸收处理,考察了影响二甲苯气体去除率的因素。实验结果表明:二甲苯废气流量为350 L/h、废变压器油喷淋量为40 L/h、进口二甲苯废气平日质量浓度为935 mg/m~3、吸收温度为18℃、吸收时间为50 min时,出口二甲苯气体质量浓度为35 mg/m~3,二甲苯去除率高达96.3%,小于GB16297—1996《大气污染物综合排放标准》中二甲苯质量浓度90 mg/m~3的排放标准。     

智能手机应用程序使用与操作的驾驶分心风险影响研究

为研究智能手机应用程序操作方式与使用行为对驾驶分心影响的问题,探讨智能手机程序操作方式对驾驶分心影响的优劣关系,基于结构方程模型提出4个因果关系假设,构建涵盖程序使用、驾驶分心、驾驶绩效等潜变量的智能手机使用行为影响的结构方程模型。通过收集线下问卷的方式进行调查,搭建模拟场景,设计6项实验方案,通过驾驶模拟实验方式收集相关数据,建立相对偏差矩阵。研究结果表明：手机通话功能的使用(路径系数0.472)对驾驶分心影响显著,手机导航功能使用(路径系数0.256)、手机音乐功能使用(路径系数0.249)对驾驶分心影响不显著。语音交互方式均优于手动操作方式,其中语音交互启动导航方式(F₃=0.019)的影响最小。研究结果可对道路驾驶情况下智能手机应用使用与操作方式的研究起推动作用。     

Antioxidant responses to benzo[a]pyrene, tributyltin and their mixture in the spleen of Sebasticus marmoratus

It has been reported that there is an interaction between Benzo[a]pyrene （BaP）, a widespread carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and tributyltin （TBT）, an organometal used as an antifouling biocide. This study was therefore designed to examine the potential in vivo influence of BaP, TBT and their mixture on splenic antioxidant defense systems of Sebastiscus marmoratus. The fish were exposed to water containing environmentally relevant concentrations of BaP, TBT and their mixture. Spleens were collected for biochemical analysis after exposure for 7, 25, 50 d and after recovery for 7, 20 d. Cotreatment with BaP and TBT for 7 d potentiated the induction of glutathione peroxidase （GPx） activity by BaP or TBT alone. The cotreatment for 25 and 50 d resulted in inhibition of GPx activity, which was similar to the effect of TBT. Splenic glutathione S-transferase （GST） activities were significantly elevated in S. marmoratus exposed to BaP starting from 7 d and remained high up to 25 d. However, no further activity change was found with prolonged exposure. Cotreatment of BaP and TBT primarily inhibited the GST activity, which was similar to the effect of TBT. Cotreatment with BaP and TBT for 25 or 50 d potentiated the depletion of GSH （glutathione） by BaP or TBT alone. MDA （malondialdehyde） contents in spleen of S. marmoratus were not significantly altered compared with the control during the test period. Spleen, as an immune organ, is sensitive to exposure of BaP or TBT. It should have an effective mechanism to counteract oxidative damage. Antioxidative defense systems in spleen of S. marmoratus should be considered as potential biomarkers. Short-term exposure of BaP or TBT could result in induction of antioxidant defense system. A significant decrease of these indices, such as GSH, GST, GPx might indicate more severe contamination.     

Total nitrogen and community turnover determine phosphorus use efficiency of phytoplankton along nutrient gradients in plateau lakes

Numerous studies support that biodiversity predict most to ecosystem functioning, but whether other factors display a more significant direct impact on ecosystem functioning than biodiversity remains to be studied. We investigated 398 samples of the phytoplankton phosphorus resource use efficiency (RUE_P = chlorophyll-a concentration/dissolved phosphate) across two seasons in nine plateau lakes in Yunnan Province, China. We identified the main contributors to phytoplankton RUE_P and analyzed their potential influences on RUE_P at different lake trophic states. The results showed that total nitrogen (TN) contributed the most to RUE_P among the nine lakes, whereas community turnover (measured as community dissimilarity) explained the most to RUE_P variation across the two seasons. Moreover, TN also influenced RUE_P by affecting biodiversity. Species richness (SR), functional attribute diversity (FAD2), and dendrogram-based functional diversity (FDc) were positively correlated with RUE_P in both seasons, while evenness was negatively correlated with RUE_P at the end of the rainy season. We also found that the effects of biodiversity and turnover on RUE_P depended on the lake trophic states. SR and FAD2 were positively correlated with RUE_P in all three trophic states. Evenness showed a negative correlation with RUE_P at the eutrophic and oligotrophic levels, but a positive correlation at the mesotrophic level. Turnover had a negative influence on RUE_P at the eutrophic level, but a positive influence at the mesotrophic and oligotrophic levels. Overall, our results suggested that multiple factors and nutrient states need to be considered when the ecosystem functioning predictors and the biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships are investigated.     

水中氯仿的活性炭电增强吸附特性

讨论了活性炭在电场作用下对水中微量的三氯甲烷的吸附 ,测定不同控制电位下活性炭的吸附量 ,并讨论了吸附动力学与吸附等温方程 .实验结果表明 :活性炭的吸附量与活性炭上所加的控制电位相关 .在阳极极化时 ,活性炭的吸附量增大 ;在阴极极化时 ,活性炭吸附量减少 .吸附起始浓度为 10 0 μg L的氯仿溶液 ,同样数量的活性炭在阳极极化下可得到最大吸附量 ,其值为无电场时的 1 6倍 .分析了电场影响活性炭吸附的机理 .     

北京市大气细颗粒物对Balb/c 3T3细胞周期的影响

研究了北京市大气细颗粒物有机提取物 (EOC)对Balb c 3T3细胞周期及调节因子的影响 .实验发现 116 μg mL细颗粒物EOC即有明显的细胞毒性 ,抑制细胞生长 ,并存在剂量 反应关系 ,IC50 为 4 0 2 2 μg mL ;流式细胞仪分析显示 136 6 μg mLPM2 5EOC可造成细胞周期改变 ,G0 G1期、G2 M期细胞分布增加 ,分别为 16 2 4 % (P <0 0 1)与 3 17% (P <0 0 5 ) ,S期细胞分布减少 2 0 4 % (P <0 0 1) ,并伴有P5 3含量的增加 ;4 0 9 8、4 78 1μg mL的PM2 5EOC可诱导Balb c3T3细胞凋亡 .提示PM2 5有机提取物可能通过P5 3途径引起Balb c 3T3细胞周期阻滞 ,并诱导细胞凋亡 .     

Supply chain carbon emission reductions and coordination when consumers have a strong preference for low-carbon products

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Owing to the rising concerns about environmental degradation worldwide, firms in several developed and developing countries are pursuing carbon...     

Effect of Environmental Regulation on High-quality Economic Development in China—An Empirical Analysis Based on Dynamic Spatial Durbin Model

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In 2017, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward the concept of high-quality economic development, indicating that the...     

NO2 catalytic formation,consumption, and efflux in various types of diesel particulate filter

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The high NO2/NOX ratio in the after-treatment system is beneficial to its performance and achieved by NO catalytic conversion in diesel oxidation...     

基于Landsat多光谱与PALSAR/PALSAR-2数据的汉江流域森林覆盖变化研究

汉江流域是南水北调中线工程的水源地,森林覆盖对于保障水源地生态安全具有重要作用.为监测汉江流域2007～2017年森林变化情况,以Landsat多光谱数据与ALOS(Advanced Land Observation Satellite)雷达遥感数据为基础,在GooSe Earth Engine平台上对数据进行处理分析,根据区域特点,选取9个特征指数,利用随机森林分类算法,提取2007和2017年森林分布,监测汉江流域森林覆盖变化.结果 表明:结合Landsat多光谱数据与ALOS雷达遥感数据的分类精度最高,2007年森林分类整体精度为98.0％,2017年森林分类整体精度为98.6％,精度明显高于单独使用Landsat多光谱数据或ALOS雷达数据的森林分类结果;2007 ～ 2017年十年间汉江流域森林面积增加了5 653.21 km2;森林呈现增多的区域主要分布在河南省的西峡县、南召县和丹江口水库附近,而森林呈现减少的区域在荆门市、十堰市和汉中市附近区域.