堤防工程综合安全模型和风险评价体系研究及应用

为获得荆南长江干堤的安全特性,在层次分析法及模糊一致理论的基础上,考虑堤防工程水、土两相系材料的特点,建立了模糊综合评判系统结构模型。通过正态型模糊隶属函数,结合两种权值理论实现了对堤防工程的安全综合评判。在模糊综合评判结论的基础上,结合模式识别的间接方法,提出了广义多维加权模糊识别模型,实现了对典型堤身段的安全模式识别,并对模型指标体系作了敏感性分析。所得成果比较全面地反映了干堤在复杂运行条件下的综合安全特性,对指导工程现场管理与监测有现实意义。对于复杂堤防系统,模糊综合评判是实现全面风险分析的有效手段,而广义多维加权模糊识别模型可以为工程安全决策提供有力依据。     

Boron sorption from aqueous solution by hydrotalcite and its preliminary application in geothermal water deboronation

Hydrotalcite and its calcination product were used to treat pure water spiked with various concentrations of boron and geothermal water containing boron as a major undesirable element. The kinetics process of boron sorption by uncalcined hydrotalcite is controlled by the diffusion of boron from bulk solution to sorbent-solution boundary film and its exchange with interlayer chloride of hydrotalcite, whereas the removal rate of boron by calcined hydrotalcite rests with the restoration process of its layered structure. The results of isotherm sorption experiments reveal that calcined hydrotalcite generally has much stronger ability to lower solution boron concentration than uncalcined hydrotalcite. The combination of adsorption of boron on the residue of MgO–Al₂O₃ solid solution and intercalation of boron into the reconstructed hydrotalcite structure due to “structural memory effect” is the basic mechanism based on which the greater boron removal by calcined hydrotalcite was achieved. As 15 geothermal water samples were used to test the deboronation ability of calcined hydrotalcite at 65 °C, much lower boron removal efficiencies were observed. The competitive sorption of the other anions in geothermal water, such as HCO₃ ^?, SO₄ ^2?, and F^?, is the reason why calcined hydrotalcite could not remove boron from geothermal water as effectively as from pure boron solution. However, boron removal percents ranging from 89.3 to 99.0 % could be obtained if 50 times of sorbent were added to the geothermal water samples. Calcined hydrotalcite is a good candidate for deboronation of geothermal water.     

Oxidative transformation of carbamazepine by manganese oxides

This study presents oxidative transformation of carbamazepine by synthetic manganese oxide (??-MnO₂) as well as impact of variables including initial MnO₂ loading, pH, coexisting metal ions, and humic acid (HA) on transformation. Manganese oxide (??-MnO₂) was synthesized and stored in the form of suspension. The oxidative reactions were conducted in 50?mL polyethylene (PE) centrifuge tubes with constant pH maintained by buffers. The kinetic experiment was carried out in the solution of pH 2.72 containing 5.0?mg/L of carbamazepine and 130.5?mg/L of MnO₂. Effects of initial MnO₂ loading (0?C130.5?mg/L), pH (2.72?C8.58) and 0.01?M of coexisting solutes (metal ions and HA) on carbamazepine oxidation were also determined. Reaction kinetics indicated that carbamazepine was rapidly degraded in the first 5?min, and approximately 95?% of carbamazepine was eliminated within 60?min. The reaction exhibited pronounced pH dependence and increased with decreasing pH values. The transformation of carbamazepine was also accelerated with increasing MnO₂ loadings. Coexisting metal ions competed with carbamazepine for reactive sites leading to reduced carbamazepine removal, and the inhibitive capacity followed the order of Mn²⁺?>?Fe³⁺?>?Ca²⁺????Mg²⁺. Presence of HA in aqueous solution caused a significant reduction on the magnitude of carbamazepine transformation. This study indicated that carbamazepine can be effectively degraded by ??-MnO₂, and transformation efficiency was strongly dependent on reaction conditions. It suggests that amendment of soil with MnO₂ be a potential alternative to solve carbamazepine pollution.     

Toxic effect of tetracycline exposure on growth,antioxidative and genetic indices of wheat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Triticum aestivum</Emphasis> L.)

Introduction  

More attention has been paid to tetracycline contamination in view of its rapid increasing concentration in the environment. Therefore, it is important to set up rapid, simple, and accurate methods for monitoring tetracycline ecotoxicity.     

国内外有机废液的焚烧处理技术

介绍了国内外高浓度有机废液的焚烧处理装置,即液体喷射焚烧炉,回转窑焚烧炉,泡流化床焚烧炉和循环流化床焚烧炉,阐述了各种焚烧炉的工作特点,通过比较出,鼓泡流化床和循环流化床焚烧炉在环保方面具有突出的优点。     

水产养殖水、沉积物中抗生素检测方法优化及残留特征研究

抗生素作为疾病预防和促进生长的药物被广泛用于水产养殖业中,不可避免地造成了周围环境抗生素的残留,从而带来各种潜在风险。为了对水产养殖水和沉积物中的抗生素残留特征进行研究,建立了环境样品中抗生素的富集方法。对沉积物中抗生素的提取溶剂、HLB小柱活化溶剂和洗脱溶剂进行了筛选,利用高效液相色谱串联质谱仪对15种抗生素进行检测分析,并检测了上海市某水产养殖区7个养殖塘2018年9、12月抗生素的残留水平。结果表明,选用乙腈/磷酸盐缓冲溶液(V∶V=1∶1)作为提取溶剂,依此用甲基叔丁基醚、甲醇和超纯水作为活化溶剂,甲醇作为洗脱溶剂时目标抗生素的回收率最高;在养殖塘水体中共检测出10种抗生素,检出浓度中间值依次为:磺胺类>甲氧苄啶>阿莫西林>氟喹诺酮类>喹乙醇>四环素类和呋喃唑酮。养殖塘沉积物中共检测出13种抗生素,检出浓度中间值依次为:氟喹诺酮类>四环素类>磺胺类>甲氧苄啶>喹乙醇>阿莫西林和呋喃唑酮;不同品种的养殖塘中抗生素的检出种类均不相同,其中青鱼塘和白水鱼塘10种、虾塘9种、扣蟹塘仅5种。对比抗生素检出浓度发现:氟喹诺酮类抗生素在鱼类养殖塘中检出浓度最高,磺胺甲恶唑仅在蟹塘检出,喹乙醇在虾塘检出浓度达3 612.85 ng·L~(-1)。9月与12月抗生素的残留水平也存在差异,抗生素在9月的平均含量比12月高。     

Specific antibody for pesticide residue determination produced by antibody-pesticide complex

A new method for specific antibody production was developed using antibody (Ab)-pesticide complex as a unique immunogen. Parathion (PA) was the targeted pesticide, and rabbit polyclonal antibody (Pab) and mouse monoclonal antibody (Mab) were used as carrier proteins. The Ab-PA complexes were generated by conjugating the two antibodies with an excessive dosage of PA. It was shown that the sensitivity of homologous enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the new antibodies was similar to that using original antibodies. However, the new mouse Pab had not only similar positive recognizing spectrum as the original Mab, but also a significantly improved sensitivity in heterologous ELISA when some recognizable competitors were applied. IC₅₀ value of ELISA based on a combination of the new mouse Pab and hapten 9 was 0.24 ng/mL, which was 445.54 times as that of the homologous ELISA. An Ab-pesticide complex may be a suitable alternative immunogen for producing highly specific antibody to improve the immunoassay sensitivity.     

饱和砂土试样的初始各向异性研究

利用装配了全表面变形数字图像测量系统的静三轴仪,针对不同密实度的饱和大连河砂和南海钙质砂,在各向等压加载条件下,研究了采用不同制样方法制备的试样初始各向异性的差异,并考虑了试样尺寸效应的影响。同时,利用真三轴仪进行横向对比试验,验证采用全表面变形数字图像测量系统获得结果的可靠性。试验结果表明:不同制样方法制备的同一种砂土表现初始各向异性的差异;采用相同的制样方法制备的不同砂土,因颗粒性状的差异,也表现出不同的初始各向异性性质。     

改性填料对移动床生物膜反应器性能的影响

分别选取3种不同柱状悬浮填料,采用两级好氧移动床生物膜反应器处理低浓度化工废水。实验结果表明,在平均有机负荷为1.67 kg/(m~3·d)、废水pH为7.5～7.8、温度为32～33℃、HRT为8 h、第一级反应器DO为0.5～1.0 mg/L、第二级反应器DO为1.5～2.0 mg/L的条件下,A型悬浮填料(添加改性剂和微量元素、φ10 mm×10 mm)、B型悬浮填料(添加改性剂和微量元素、φ25 mm×10 mm)和C型悬浮填料(无添加剂、φ10 mm×10 mm)的COD平均去除率分别为82.2%、81.8%和70.6%。