光纤传感器在个体防护装备上的应用进展

1引言 在战场上,个体防护装备对士兵有效地发挥战斗力和避免伤亡起到关键的作用。现代科学技术在军事领域的广泛应用,使得防护装备突破了传统模式,新一代的单兵防护装备不仅要抵御武器的袭击,而且要避免自然环境、化学试剂、火焰和其他战场灾难的危害,须成为高度智能化的作战服。     

中国污泥堆肥产业发展模式的探讨

本文介绍了我国污泥堆肥产业现状、技术发展方向、相关标准规范;比较了污泥堆肥项目的建设运营与污水处理的不同之处;通过唐山西郊项目的成功运行,说明污泥堆肥项目在运作良好的情况下完全可以实现运营平衡,结合资源化处置的污染治理项目也有可能实现效益产出.     

黄河甘宁蒙段表层沉积物中总磷3种提取方法的比较

通过微波消解法、标准测试方法(SMT)和碱熔法分别测定了水系沉积物成分分析标准物质GBW07307a(GSD-7a)中的总磷(TP)含量,并分别采用3种方法对采集于黄河流域甘宁蒙段表层沉积物样品进行TP含量和样品加标回收率的测定。结果表明:测定标准物质的相对误差绝对值:微波消解法碱熔法SMT法;变异系数:微波消解法碱熔法SMT法。同时,微波消解法提取的表层沉积物TP含量的范围为634.3~909.2μg/g;SMT法TP含量的范围为627.1~889.5μg/g;碱熔法TP含量的范围为559.1~784.8μg/g。微波消解法的测定结果相对偏高,SMT法的测定结果相对偏低。样品加标回收率平均值:微波消解法SMT法碱熔法;变异系数:微波消解法碱熔法SMT法。综合测定标准物质中TP含量以及样品加标回收率实验结果的准确度和精密度,对于黄河甘宁蒙段表层沉积物,使用SMT法提取TP较优于微波消解法和碱熔法。     

CMT监测井在黑河流域地下水监测中的应用

以CMT监测井在黑河流域的应用为基础,通过对监测数据和采集的水样进行分析,了解了黑河流域地下水水位动态变化,掌握了黑河流域地下水水化学垂向分布规律,为合理利用黑河流域水资源提供了科学依据。     

南水北调中线陕西水源区污染源排放时空变化特征

基于2008—2012年污染源环境统计数据,采用Spearman秩相关系数法等分析南水北调中线陕西水源区污废水及污染物年排放总量变化趋势,借助ArcGIS空间分析功能表征水源区污染源排放的空间分布特征。结果表明:2008—2012年水源区污废水和NH_3-N年排放总量呈显著上升趋势,COD、As、Pb、Cd、Cr和Hg年排放总量呈抛物线型变化,总体上COD、Pb、Cd年排放总量增加,As、Cr和Hg年排放总量降低。水源区污废水及污染物排放量空间差异明显,污废水、COD和NH_3-N排放涉及流域所有区县,其排放量从干流到流域边缘呈现较明显的梯度变化,即位于流域中心或地级市行政中心的区县排放量明显高于位于流域边缘的区县;As、Pb、Cd、Cr和Hg排放量呈现明显的区域分布,主要分布在勉县等8个区县。     

连云港蔷薇河非点源污染的调查分析

调查分析蔷薇河非点源废水排放情况,结合相关统计资料,核算出蔷薇河非点源废水污染物的排放量。结论表明,农田回归水污染是蔷薇河水体非点源污染的主要因素。     

Atmospheric depositional fluxes and sources apportionment of organochlorine pesticides in the Pearl River Delta region, South China

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have variously been phased out in agricultural activities, but they are still widely detected in air, water, and soil systems due to their recalcitrant nature in the environment. The purposes of this study were to assess potential OCP pollution via dry and wet deposition over the fast developing Pearl River Delta area with 41,700 km², where the main effort has been focused on emerging pollutants such as petroleum hydrocarbons and PM2.5. We quantified both the dry and wet deposition fluxes of 19 OCPs including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), endosulfans (Endos), and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). The results showed that each year about 67.4, 42.0, 15.0, and 8.07 kg of total OCPs, DDTs, Endos, and HCHs were returned to the ground, among which 11.7, 10.4, 0.84, and 0.16 kg were in the dry deposition forms. The large spatial variations in OCP deposition fluxes indicated that OCP pollution in the air is mainly influenced on local scales because evaporation from local soil is likely the major source of the phased out OCPs. Source analysis indicated that DDTs may be still in use as antifouling agent and/or dicofol, but Endos and HCHs were mainly derived from the residual of historical usage. The study suggests that the historical OCP pollutants are persistent at high levels in this area and should not be overlooked, while we tackle emerging pollutants.