邳州市畜禽养殖业污染问题研究

针对当前中国农村飞速发展的畜禽养殖业,以江苏省邳州市为例深入调研了近年来邳州市畜禽养殖业的发展水平和发展现状,以点代面指出当前中国大多数农村畜禽养殖存在的对畜禽养殖认识不足、选址不当、规模化程度低、管理较为粗放、监管力度不够、环境污染严重等主要问题,对下一步畜禽养殖业的发展和污染治理问题作了探讨并提出了加强监管、多渠道投入治理污染和废物综合利用、搞好养殖场规划等对策.     

德腊门:要做可持续发展的领跑者

提到挪威。人们首先想到的肯定是冰封雪飘的北极圈。还有盛产石油天然气的北海油田和极其丰富的水利资源。为减缓气候变化。他们不再建设燃煤和燃油电厂、燃气发电厂以及水电站。转而用生物燃料和风能发电。发展可再生能源。我们选择德腊门市（Drammen）。这个荣获“2004年挪威环境奖”的绿色城市。去追寻其可持续发展的实践。[编者按]     

重庆市区2000年前大气环境质量的灰色预测

本文运用灰色系统理论,预测了重庆市区1990年至2000年的大气质量变化趋势。     

Cu2O光催化降解水中对硝基苯酚的研究

用CuCl水解法制备Cu2O粉末,用透射电镜(TEM)和X衍射(XRD)对Cu2O粒子进行了表征.在仿太阳光源的照射下,研究了Cu2O对水中难降解有机污染物对硝基苯酚的光催化降解效果.结果表明,在8 h内,对硝基苯酚几乎完全降解.在催化剂用量为0.2 g时,对浓度为22.4 mg/L的200mL对硝基苯酚溶液有良好的降解效果.降解反应符合一级反应动力学.     

参杂负载型纳米TiO2降解橙黄G的光催化活性及其动力学研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍-焙烧法制备了掺杂Sn（Ⅳ）的TiO2／AC光催化剂，以偶氮染料橙黄G为目标降解物，对光催化反应条件进行了优化。结果表明：利用Sn（IV）掺杂量为2．5at．％的TiO2／AC光催化剂，在进水浓度50mg／L，催化剂的用量12．5g／i，pH值2．0，H2O2 1．5mL／L。主波长为365nm的300W高压汞灯光照条件下，反应60rain，橙黄G的光催化去除率可达99．1％。该反应符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学方程，其速控步为吸附反应。共存阴离子SO4^2-和H2PO4^-，对橙黄G的光催化降解反应均有一定的抑制作用。     

掺杂负载型纳米TiO2降解橙黄G的光催化活性及其动力学研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法和浸渍-焙烧法制备了掺杂Sn(Ⅳ)的TiO2/AC光催化剂,以偶氮染料橙黄G为目标降解物,对光催化反应条件进行了优化.结果表明:利用Sn(Ⅳ)掺杂量为2.5 at.%的TiO2/AC光催化剂,在进水浓度50 mg/L,催化剂的用量12.5 g/L,pH值2.0,H2O21.5 mL/L,主波长为365 nm的300W高压汞灯光照条件下,反应60 min,橙黄G的光催化去除率可达99.1%.该反应符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学方程,其速控步为吸附反应.共存阴离子SO42-和H2PO4-,对橙黄G的光催化降解反应均有一定的抑制作用.     

Spatial Pattern Analysis of Regional Water Use Profile Based on the Gini Coefficient and Location Quotient

Water resources have become a barrier hampering socioeconomic development. Changes in the spatial distribution of water use profile have direct impacts to regional water use efficiency. However, the related research is inadequate, and a more suitable way to analyze regional water use profile is necessary. The Gini coefficient and location quotient, two reliable methods commonly used in discussing the spatial distribution of elements, were introduced and calculated. Taking Gansu Province as the study area, the concentration effect of industrial water use was the strongest, followed by domestic, environmental, and agricultural water use. However, a balanced distribution of agricultural water use failed to be coordinated with the production conditions, the center of Gansu’s grain production should be established to enhance the scale effect of agricultural production. The industrial agglomeration effect remained weak, and each region’s dominant industries need to be developed vigorously. Gansu’s domestic water use was consistent with its population distribution, but it is necessary to reduce the water use gap between urban and rural areas. With a growing awareness of environmental protection, environmental water use exhibited a more balanced distribution. Overall, the methods are simple and have good applicability, and the results can provide a reference in water use optimization.     

Pb和Cd赋存形态与土壤理化性质相关性研究

选择我国14种具有代表性的重金属污染土壤,测定其主要理化性质（pH、阳离子交换量、有机质、粉粒和黏粒）,采用改进的BCR顺序提取法对其中的Pb和Cd进行形态分析,运用SPSS 20.0软件进行Pearson相关性分析,建立逐步回归模型,研究重金属赋存形态与理化性质的相关性。结果表明,Pb和Cd的酸可溶态与pH值呈极显著负相关,相关性系数r分别为-0.80和-0.78,与阳离子交换量呈显著正相关,r分别为0.54和0.61,与有机质、粉粒和黏粒无相关性;Cd的可还原态与有机质呈显著正相关,r=0.56,与其它理化性质无相关性;可氧化态与有机质和黏粒呈显著正相关,与其它理化性质无相关性;残渣态与主要理化性质均无显著相关性。由逐步回归模型发现,酸可溶态、可还原态、可氧化态与理化性质回归效果均较好。     

Characterizing the antibiotic resistance genes in a river catchment: Influence of anthropogenic activities

Previous studies on environmental antibiotics resistance genes(ARGs) have focused on the pollution sources such as wastewater treatment plants, aquaculture and livestock farms,etc. Few of them had addressed this issue in a regional scale such as river catchment. Hence,the occurrence and abundances of 23 ARGs were investigated in surface water samples collected from 38 sites which located from the river source to estuary of the Beijiang River.Among them, 11 ARGs were frequently detected in this region and 5 ARGs(sul I, sul II, tet B,tet C, and tet W) were selected for their distribution pattern analysis. The abundances of the selected ARGs were higher in the upstream(8.70 × 10~6 copies/ng DNA) and downstream areas(3.17 × 10~6 copies/ng DNA) than those in the midstream areas(1.23 × 10~6 copies/ng DNA), which was positively correlated to the population density and number of pollution sources. Pollution sources of ARGs along the Beijiang River not only had a great impact on the abundances and diversity, but also on the distribution of specific ARGs in the water samples. Both sul I and sul II were likely originated from aquaculture farms and animal farms,tet W gene was possibly associated with the mining/metal melting industry and the electric waste disposal and tet C gene was commonly found in the area with multiple pollution sources.However, the abundance of tet B was not particularly related to anthropogenic impacts. These findings highlight the influence of pollution sources and density of population on the distribution and dissemination of ARGs at a regional scale.