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111.
Hsiu-Mei Chiang Hua-Hsien Chiu Yen-Ming Lai Ching-Yen Chen Hung-Lung Chiang 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(18):2240-2247
Carbonyls emitted from essential oils can affect the air quality when they are used in indoors, especially under poor ventilation conditions. Lavender, lemon, rose, rosemary, and tea tree oils were selected as typical and popular essential oils to investigate in terms of composition, thermal characteristics and fifteen carbonyl constituents. Based on thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, the activation energy was 7.6–8.3 kcal mol?1, the reaction order was in the range of 0.6–0.7 and the frequency factor was 360–2838 min?1. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetone, and propionaldehyde were the dominant carbonyl compounds, and their concentrations were 0.034–0.170 ppm. The emission factors of carbonyl compounds were 2.10–3.70 mg g?1, and acetone, propionaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and formaldehyde accounted for a high portion of the emission factor of carbonyl compounds in essential oil exhaust. Some unhealthy carbonyl species such as formaldehyde and valeraldehyde, were measured at low-temperature during the vaporization of essential oils, indicating a potential effect on indoor air quality and human health. 相似文献
112.
Comparison of the expectations of residents and rescue providers of community emergency medical response after mudslide disasters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The integration of community resources is critical for emergency response. A thorough understanding of a community's requirements in advance is essential. This study examines communities that suffered mudslide disasters, and discusses expectations of the emergency medical response provided to the community from the perspectives of residents and rescue groups. The questionnaire used in the study was designed to adopt the Likert Scale for quantification purposes. Its content was divided into six categories based on emergency response. Both residents and rescue providers acknowledged that finance and reimbursement were the highest priority. Public information was regarded as the least important by both groups. Significant differences existed between the groups on patient care activities and supportive activities (P = 0.02 and 0.03, respectively), which were more appreciated by residents. We conclude that residents had higher expectations of evacuation, temporary relocation, lodging, food, and sanitary management than the rescue groups. 相似文献
113.
Catalytic hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with up to four fused benzene rings over high-density-polyethylene-stabilized palladium nanoparticles in supercritical carbon dioxide via in situ UV/Vis spectroscopy is presented. PAHs can be efficiently converted to saturated polycyclic hydrocarbons using this green technique under mild conditions at 20 MPa of CO2 containing 1 MPa of H2 at 40-50 °C. Kinetic studies based on in situ UV/Vis spectra of the CO2 phase reveal that the initial hydrogenation of a given PAH and the subsequent hydrogenations of its intermediates are pseudo-first-order. The hydrogenation rate of the latter is always much smaller than that of the former probably due to increasing steric hindrance introduced by the hydrogenated benzene rings of PAHs which impedes the adsorption process and hydrogen access to PAHs on catalyst surfaces. 相似文献
114.
Wei-Ming Chiu Hsuan-Yuan Kuo Peir-An Tsai Jyh-Horng Wu 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2013,21(2):350-358
This work prepared poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) composites using a solution blend method, and investigated the influence of the physical properties of PLA/SWCNTs composites. In order to enhanced interfacial interactions between PLA and SWCNTs, the purified SWCNTs were given functionalisation treatments with a nitric acid/sulfuric acid mixture. These acid-treated SWCNTs (A-SWCNTs) were then grafted with 3-isocyanatopropyl triethoxysilane (A-SWCNTs-Si). When these functionalized SWCNTs were used to fill the PLA matrix, the fractured surface of composite does not present the pullout phenomenon. The dimensional stability obviously increased by a factor of approximately 72. The storage modulus was also significantly improved. The surface resistivity of the PLA/SWCNTs composites decreased from 1 × 1016 to 2.22 × 104 Ω/cm2. 相似文献
115.
Technologies such as thermal, oxidative, reductive, and microbial methods for the remediation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have previously been reviewed. Based on energy consumption, formation of PCDD/F, and remediation efficiency, reductive methods have emerged as being advantageous for remediation of PCBs. However, many new developments in this field have not been systematically reviewed. Therefore, reductive technologies published in the last decade related to remediation of PCBs will be reviewed here. Three categories, including catalytic hydrodechlorination with H2, Fe-based reductive dechlorination, and other reductive dechlorination methods (e.g., hydrogen-transfer dechlorination, base-catalyzed dechlorination, and sodium dispersion) are specifically reviewed. In addition, the advantages of each remediation technology are discussed. In this review, 108 articles are referenced. 相似文献
116.
The removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from solid matrices has received considerable attention because of the environmental persistence, bioaccumulation, and potential toxicity of these compounds. This study presents a simple method using concentrated HNO3 as a suppression agent, and methanol-modified supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2) extraction for removing PFOS and PFOA from solid matrices. The optimal conditions were 16 M HNO3 and 20% (v/v) methanol containing Sc-CO2, under a pressure of 20.3 MPa and a temperature of 50 °C. Extraction time was set at 70 min (40 min for static and 30 min for dynamic extraction). PFOA and PFOS were identified and quantitated by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. The extraction efficiencies (with double extractions) were close to 100% for PFOA and 80% for PFOS for both paper and fabric matrices. The extraction efficiencies for sand were approximately 77% for PFOA and 59% for PFOS. The results show that this method is accurate, and effective, and that it provides a promising and convenient approach to remediate the environment of hazardous PFOA and PFOS contamination. 相似文献
117.
采用原位沉淀法制备了FeOOH/g-C3N4异质光催化剂,并通过耦合过一硫酸盐(PMS)建立了多反应耦合型高级氧化体系,在此体系下考察了其对环丙沙星(CIP)的去除性能.在催化剂/可见光/PMS反应体系下,相对于g-C3N4,FeOOH/g-C3N4的催化性能明显提高,其中5% FeOOH/g-C3N4表现出最优异的催化性能,表明FeOOH的耦合提高了g-C3N4的光催化活性,且光催化+PMS活化体系加速了污染物的降解.此外,分别考察了FeOOH负载量、催化剂投加量、pH等因素对CIP降解性能的影响.结果 表明:在催化剂投加量为0.4 g·L-1、pH为9.0时,5% FeOOH/g-C3N4对CIP的降解率达到72.34%.使用XRD、TEM、XPS、UV-vis DRS等分析方法对催化剂进行了表征,FeOOH的复合显著增强了g-C3N4的光吸收能力,提高了其光催化活性.最后,基于实验数据与活性物种捕获实验,初步提出了FeOOH/g-C3N4对CIP催化降解的可能机理. 相似文献
118.
In this study, we investigated how to treat (waste) polycarbonate efficiently to reduce its degraded residue. The study was carried out in an isothermal reactor under continuous nitrogen flow at atmospheric pressure to pyrolyze polycarbonate (PC) alone and in the presence of metal chloride. Some metal chlorides were shown to be catalytic active for the degradation of PC at 400 degrees C, which increased degradation conversion from 8.5% to more than 58.3%. Among those active metal chlorides, ZnCl2 and SnCl2 can produce higher liquid product yields. Effects such as particle size of PC, temperature, the weight ratio of metal chloride/PC, and degradation time on the degradation conversion of PC without and with these two most active metal chlorides were studied. Results of the liquid product analysis by GC/MS demonstrated the product composition of PC degradation over the metal chlorides is much simpler than that of degradation alone. The main liquid product is phenol, p-isopropylphenol, diphenyl carbonate, and bisphenol A for all cases. 相似文献
119.
The contradiction between China's economic development, its need for resources and the protection of the environment is ctitical. Scarce water resources have resulted in a considerable bottleneck restricting the economic development of water-deficient areas. An objective evaluation of the decoupling state of water consumption and economic development has become an important indicator of regional economic sustainable development. Based on panel data from 2000 to 2017 for six provinces in the arid and semiarid regions of Northwest China, the Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index method is employed to decompose the factors of the decoupling index and establish a decoupling relationship model between water consumption and economic development. The reasons that affect the decoupling state of water resource utilization and economic development are herein discussed, and the stability of the decoupling trend is analysed. Based on the overall regional trend, the decoupling state of the arid and semiarid regions in Northwest China improved from weak to strong, but the high decoupling stability index varied among the provinces. The intensity and structure were promotional factors for decoupling water consumption and economic development, and the contribution rate of the intensity factor was higher than that of the structure factor. Income and population were inhibiting factors for decoupling water consumption and economic development, and the contribution rate of the income factor was higher than that of the population factor. Based on these results, corresponding policy recommendations are provided. 相似文献
120.
This study examines the extent to which employee judgments about distributive and procedural justice predict job satisfaction, intent to stay and evaluation of supervision in Hong Kong. Distributive and procedural justice each plays a role in determining work outcomes of Hong Kong employees. However, some effects of these justice variables differ from results of previous studies in the United States (U.S.). First, in previous U.S. studies, procedural justice moderates the relationship of distributive justice with evaluation of supervision, but not with job satisfaction or intent to stay. For Hong Kong employees, procedural justice moderates the effects of distributive justice on job satisfaction and intent to stay, but not on evaluation of supervision. Second, previous U.S. studies have shown that procedural justice has a larger effect on work outcomes for women, while distributive justice has larger effects on outcomes for men. For Hong Kong employees, the effects of procedural and distributive justice are about the same for men and women. Differences in the effects of distributive and procedural justice between Hong Kong and the U.S. may reflect cultural dimensions, such as collectivism/individualism and power distance, as well as the relative availability of rewards for women in the work force. Practical implications and future research directions are discussed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献