硫酸厂淤泥中SRB的选育及特性研究

从硫酸厂废水淤泥中分离筛选出了一株 SRB,其菌体形态呈弧状或细杆状 ,成熟细胞大小 0 .4～ 0 .6× 3 .0～ 5 .0μm,摇摆式运动 ,单极生鞭毛 ,芽孢染色阴性 ,革兰氏染色阴性 ;最适生长 p H6.0～ 6,5 ;适量氧气不会影响细菌生长 ,菌体内含过氧化氢酶。本文还探讨了该类细菌的分离培养方法 ,考察了分离菌部分生理生化特征及对硫酸盐还原能力 ,优化了培养基配方 ,并初步鉴定分离菌为脱硫弧菌     

分体式膜-生物反应器在废水处理中的工艺条件

对分体式膜-生物反应器(RMBR)处理废水进行了研究.进水COD_Cr:312～584mg/L,RMBR的出水CODCr在运行4d后＜15 mg/L并稳定.向生物反应器添加0.5g/L(混合液)的粉末活性炭(PAC)后出水COD_Cr＜4.22mg/L.膜侧污水流速在0.9～1.9m/s范围内,临界膜通量随膜侧污水流速的增大而增大.添加PAC,组合添加PAC和Al₂(SO₄)₃·18 H₂O均可有效提高临界膜通量.在膜侧流速1.9m/s的条件下,临界膜通量从72L/(m²·h)分别增至76L/(m²·h)和81 L/(m²·h)在22℃～30℃范围内,每升高1℃可提高膜通量1.9%.在连续运行100d中,RMBR可在无任何物理,化学清洗的条件下运行14d而透膜压力无增大,膜通量不降低.对于已污染的膜,水清洗、水碱共间清洗、水碱酸共同清洗可分别恢复至新膜膜通量的47%、83%、94%.     

饮用水源地的水华对人体健康风险评价

饮用水源地的水华现象近年来在世界各地不断爆发,给人类饮水安全造成极大的威胁。本文通过检测微囊藻毒素和三卤甲烷类物质,利用急性暴露安全阈值（浓度）计算模型,计算出了各自的急性暴露安全阅值,并对健康风险进行了评价。     

Deriving freshwater quality criteria of sulphocyanic sodium for the protection of aquatic life in China

ＤｅｒｉｖｉｎｇｆｒｅｓｈｗａｔｅｒｑｕａｌｉｔｙｃｒｉｔｅｒｉａｏｆｓｕｌｐｈｏｃｙａｎｉｃｓｏｄｉｕｍｆｏｒｔｈｅｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｆａｑｕａｔｉｃｌｉｆｅｉｎＣｈｉｎａＺｈａｎｇＴｏｎｇＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＥ...     

“赛力奇”的致突变性研究

选用Ａｍｅｓ试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核实验和小鼠显性致死突变试验对新型食品添加剂“赛力奇”的致突变性进行了检验。结果表明：三项试验的结果均生。根据国家《食品安全性毒理学评价程序（试行）》的规定，认为“赛力奇”无致突变性。     

大港地区大气颗粒物中多环芳烃分布及污染源识别的研究

多环芳烃（PAHs）是一类对人体危害较大的有机污染物。目前对大气环境中PAHs来源识别技术还处于探索与发展阶段。为了解天津大港油田地区大气环境中PAHs污染状况与来源,对天津市大港地区大气颗粒物中10种PAHs分布及污染源开展了调查。结果表明：大港地区10种PAHs总浓度平均为169ng/m3,比市区对照点的465ng/m³低63.7％,其中苯并（a）芘（BaP）平均浓度为13.6ng/m³,比市区对照点的41.1ng/m³低66.9％。实验结果经统计处理发现BaP浓度与其它9种PAHs浓度存在一定的相关性,相关系数均在0.60以上。利用比值法进行源识别得出：大港石化区PAHs主要来源为燃煤污染;而大港油田区PAHs主要来源为燃油污染。     

Water solubility enhancements of PAHs by sodium castor oil sulfonate microemulsions

Water solubility enhancements of naphthalene( Naph), phenantherene(Phen) and pyrene(Py) in sodium castor oil sulfonate(SCOS) microemulsions were evaluated. The apparent solubilities of PAHs are linearly propertional to the concentrations of SCOS microemulsion, and the enhancement extent by SCOS solutions is greater than that by ordinary surfactants on the basis of weight solubilization ratio(WSR). ThelogKcm values of Naph, Phen, and Py are 3.13, 4.44 and 5.01 respectively, which are about the same as the logKow values. At 5000 mg/L of SCOS conccentration, the apparent solubilities are 8.80, 121, and 674 times as the intrinsic solubilities for Naph, Phen, and Py. The effects of inorganic ions and temperature on the solubilization of solutes are also investigated. The solubilization is improved with a moderate addition of Ca^2 , Na^ , NH4^ and the mixture of Na^ , K^ , Ca^2 , Mg^2 and NH4^ . WSR values are enhanced by 22.0% for Naph,23.4% for Phen, and 24.6% for Py with temperature increasing by 5~C. The results indicated that SCOS microemulsions improve the performance of the surfactant-enhanced remediation(SER) of soil, by increasing solubilities of organic pollutants and reducing the level of surfactant pollution and remediation expenses.     

油田注水泵房噪声治理

调查了油田注水泵房噪声的基本情况.根据噪声来源和特性制定了治理方案,分析了试验应用效果.     

Responses of alkaline phosphatase activity to wind-driven waves in a large, shallow lake: Implications for phosphorus availability and algal blooms

Phosphorus is a vital nutrient for algal growth, thus, a better understanding of phosphorus availability is essential to mitigate harmful algal blooms in lakes. Wind waves are a ubiquitous characteristic of lake ecosystems. However, its effects on the cycling of organic phosphorus and its usage by phytoplankton remain poorly elucidated in shallow eutrophic lakes. A mesocosm experiment was carried out to investigate the responses of alkaline phosphatase activity fractions to wind waves in large, shallow, eutrophic Lake Taihu. Results showed that wind-driven waves induced the release of alkaline phosphatase and phosphorus from the sediment, and dramatically enhanced phytoplanktonic alkaline phosphatase activity. However, compared to the calm conditions, bacterial and dissolved alkaline phosphatase activity decreased in wind-wave conditions. Consistently, the gene copies of Microcystis phoX increased but bacterial phoX decreased under wind-wave conditions. The ecological effects of these waves on phosphorus and phytoplankton likely accelerated the biogeochemical cycling of phosphorus and promoted phytoplankton production in Lake Taihu. This study provides an improved current understanding of phosphorus availability and the phosphorus strategies of plankton in shallow, eutrophic lakes.     

The biological effect of metal ions on the granulation of aerobic granular activated sludge

As a special biofilm structure, microbial attachment is believed to play an important role in the granulation of aerobic granular activated sludge (AGAS). This experiment was to investigate the biological effect of Ca^2 +, Mg^2 +, Cu^2 +, Fe^2 +, Zn^2 +, and K⁺ which are the most common ions present in biological wastewater treatment systems, on the microbial attachment of AGAS and flocculent activated sludge (FAS), from which AGAS is always derived, in order to provide a new strategy for the rapid cultivation and stability control of AGAS. The result showed that attachment biomass of AGAS was about 300% higher than that of FAS without the addition of metal ions. Different metal ions had different effects on the process of microbial attachment. FAS and AGAS reacted differently to the metal ions as well, and in fact, AGAS was more sensitive to the metal ions. Specifically, Ca^2 +, Mg^2 +, and K⁺ could increase the microbial attachment ability of both AGAS and FAS under appropriate concentrations, Cu^2 +, Fe^2 +, and Zn^2 + were also beneficial to the microbial attachment of FAS at low concentrations, but Cu^2 +, Fe^2 +, and Zn^2 + greatly inhibited the attachment process of AGAS even at extremely low concentrations. In addition, the acylated homoserine lactone (AHL)-based quorum sensing system, the content of extracellular polymeric substances and the relative hydrophobicity of the sludges were greatly influenced by metal ions. As all these parameters had close relationships with the microbial attachment process, the microbial attachment may be affected by changes of these parameters.