上海市生物废弃物排放管理对策与措施研究

近年来随着上海市生命科学与生物技术的快速发展，其废弃物的环境排放带来了生态与健康的安全隐患。本文在全面调查基础上，归纳分析了上海生物废弃物排放现状，并从意识层面、法规层面、技术层面和管理层面分析目前存在的问题，随后提出了上海生物废弃物排放控制的分类分级、环境安全评估、排放许可证发放、就地与集中处理结合、排污申报登记等基本管理思路和相应的管理组织结构体系。此外，结合当前需要，提出近期实施对策措施。     

柱撑粘土材料的环境化学行为

柱撑粘土是一种新型的复合材料，国内外近年来进行了广泛和深入的，本文系统评述了国内外柱撑粘土复合材料的环境化学行为，吸附重金属离子，吸附苯酚类物质，吸附磷类物质，吸附废水中的COD，大气污染等方面，揭示该种新材料在各种污水处理中具有广阔的应用前景。     

DBD降解CF2ClBr过程中自由基与电子能量

利用介质阻挡放电方法对环境污染物CF2ClBr进行了等离子体降解的研究.在前人对该体系的降解产物分析及活性粒子推测的基础上,采用动态反应装置得到了等离子体的发射光谱,进一步确证了等离子体系中出现的CF2、CFCl、F、Cl、Br等主要自由基,并从中推出了等离子态气体可能发生的自由基反应.同时通过发射光谱的分析,近似得到该体系的平均电子能量约为2.42eV.     

旅游城市环境规划优化方法与应用研究(Ⅰ)不确定性多目标规划模型

以旅游城市环境系统的综合性、多目标性、动态性和不确定性的特征出发，提出用不确定性模糊多目标规划（IFMOP）模型来解决旅游城市 环境规划优化问题。通过建立旅游城市环境不确定性模糊多目标规划系统模型（IFMOPMTCE），使旅游城市环境系统的特性在模型建立和求解过程中得以充分反映，同时也有效地协调了环境经济等目标之间的矛盾与冲突，该研究为旅游城市环境规划工作提供了一种较为有力的工具。     

海洋环境责任保险

随着海洋环境问题日益尖锐，可能影响海洋环境的作业者，一旦造成海洋环境污染必将面对巨额的责任赔偿与罚款，作业者为降低自己的风险损失，政府为增强其治理及控制污染的能力，作业者不得不购买海洋环境责任保险，本文着重分析了海洋环境责任保险的发展历史，依法强制实行环境责任保险的必要性及海洋环境责任保险的责任范围。     

确定不同保证率下的中国酸沉降临界负荷

在进行中国酸沉降临界负荷区划时 ,通常以 1°× 1°(经纬度 )的网格为单位进行计算 ,难以反映网格内不同生态系统对酸沉降敏感性的差异 .为了便于决策者根据临界负荷确定酸沉降控制对策 ,也为了使 1°× 1°的结果更具代表性和实用性 ,本研究确定了 0 1°× 0 1°网格为单位计算的中国酸沉降临界负荷 ,并在此基础上通过引入保证率的概念 ,得到了一系列与一定的经济技术水平相适应的、允许有一定损失的 1°× 1°的中国酸沉降临界负荷图 .利用累积分布函数 ,本研究还确定了不同保证率下的中国酸沉降超临界负荷分布和各省、市、自治区的酸沉降临界负荷 .     

Sex-dependent obesogenic effect of tetracycline on Drosophila melanogaster deteriorated by dysrhythmia

Antibiotics have been identified as obesogens contributing to the prevalence of obesity. Moreover, their environmental toxicity shows sex dependence, which might also explain the sex-dependent obesity observed. Yet, the direct evidence for such a connection and the underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. In this study, the effects of tetracycline, which is a representative antibiotic found in both environmental and food samples, on Drosophila melanogaster were studied with consideration of both sex and circadian rhythms (represented by the eclosion rhythm). Results showed that in morning-eclosed adults, tetracycline significantly stimulated the body weight of females (AM females) at 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 µg/L, while tetracycline only stimulated the body weight of males (AM males) at 1.0 µg/L. In the afternoon-eclosed adults, tetracycline significantly stimulated the body weight of females (PM females) at 0.1, 1.0 and 100.0 µg/L, while it showed more significant stimulation in males (PM males) at all concentrations. Notably, the stimulation levels were the greatest in PM males among all the adults. The results showed the clear sex dependence of the obesogenic effects, which was diminished by dysrhythmia. Further biochemical assays and clustering analysis suggested that the sex- and rhythm-dependent obesogenic effects resulted from the bias toward lipogenesis against lipolysis. Moreover, they were closely related to the preference for the energy storage forms of lactate and glucose and also to the presence of excessive insulin, with the involvement of glucolipid metabolism. Such relationships indicated potential bridges between the obesogenic effects of pollutants and other diseases, e.g., cancer and diabetes.     

城市污水厂污泥堆肥中试实验研究

城市污水厂污泥由于产生量大且成分复杂，如何对它进行稳定化、无害化处理已越来越受到人们的关注。本研究基于好氧发酵仓式堆肥系统，研究了城市污泥处理过程中温度、含水率、pH、有机质、水溶性有机碳、总氮和发芽指数等指标参数的变化规律。研究结果表明：当物抖初始含水率控制在65％左右时，在强制通风量112．5m^3／12hr，搅拌频率30min/24hr的工艺条件下，堆肥过程可以实现顺利升温并在55℃以上维持3天，满足杀灭致病茵要求的条件；14天反应用期结束时，物抖含水率、水溶性有机碳和有机质含量显著降低，堆肥产品腐熟，卫生学指标达到了美国EPA污泥产品A类标准；得列的污泥产品成为性质优良的土壤质量调节荆。     

银硫离子选择电极测定工业废水中的硫化物

本法用Ag/S离子选择电极测定废水中的硫化物,测定浓度范围0.1～1000.0mg/l,方法精密度为4.3％,回收率为P2.5％,检出限为0.1mg/l。大多数离子不干扰测定,该法简便快速,适用于例行监测。     

Insights into reactive oxygen species formation induced by water-soluble organic compounds and transition metals using spectroscopic method

Ambient particulate matter (PM) can cause adverse health effects via their ability to produce Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Water-Soluble Organic Compounds (WSOCs), a complex mixture of organic compounds which usually coexist with Transition Metals (TMs) in PM, have been found to contribute to ROS formation. However, the interaction between WSOCs and TMs and its effect on ROS generation are still unknown. In this study, we examined the ROS concentrations of V, Zn, Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA), Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) and the mixtures of V/Zn and SRFA/SRHA by using a cell-free 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) assay. The results showed that V or Zn synergistically promoted ROS generated by SRFA, but had an antagonistic effect on ROS generated by SRHA. Fluorescence quenching experiments indicated that V and Zn were more prone to form stable complexes with aromatic humic acid-like component (C1) and fulvic acid-like component (C3) in SRFA and SRHA. Results suggested that the underlying mechanism involving the fulvic acid-like component in SRFA more tending to complex with TMs to facilitate ROS generation through π electron transfer. Our work showed that the complexing ability and complexing stability of atmospheric PM organics with metals could significantly affect ROS generation. It is recommended that the research deploying multiple analytical methods to quantify the impact of PM components on public health and environment is needed in the future.