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791.
Problems associated with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminated site in environmental media have received increasing attention. To resolve such problems, innovative in situ methods are urgently required. This work investigated the feasibility of using surfactants to extract phenanthrene on spiked sand in a batch system. Phenanthrene was spiked into Ottawa sand to simulate contaminated soil. Six surfactants, Brij 30 (BR), Triton X-100 (TR), Tergitol NP-10 (TE), Igepal CA-720 (IG), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (HTAB) were used. Adjusting the extraction time, mixing speed and surfactant concentration yielded the optimum extracting conditions. The concentration of phenanthrene was identified with HPLC. Under the experimental conditions, results indicated that those surfactants were highly promising on site remediation since the residual phenanthrene concentration was effectively reduced. The optimum operating conditions were obtained at 30 min, 125 rpm and surfactant concentrations in 4%. 相似文献
792.
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) sampled from municipal landfill leachate of different ages with/without anoxic or aerobic treatment, was intensively fractionated via size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and hydrophobic resins, and was studied with fluorescence excitation and emission matrix (EEM). Six fluorophores with multiple EEM peaks (fluorophore A-F) were identified based on the collected EEM spectra and validated by bi-variate analysis, principal component analysis, and parallel factor analysis, as follows (excitation wavelength Ex and emission wavelength Em): (Ex 240, 310, 360 nm, Em 460 nm), (Ex 220, 280 nm, Em 340 nm), (Ex 220, 270 nm, Em 300 nm), (Ex 220, 280 nm, Em 360 nm), (Ex 230, 320 nm, Em 420 nm) and (Ex 220, 310 nm, Em 400 nm). The spectral characteristics of these fluorophores were discussed using fractional EEM and apparent molecular weight (AMW) data obtained via SEC analysis. The triple peak flurophore A was pointed at a hydrophobic acid or hydrophobic neutral compound with a pyrenyl functional group of AMW 2500-3500 Da, which displayed an excitation wavelength at 360 nm and a fluorescence intensity ratio of 6.70(+/-1.79):1.70(+/-0.41):1 (fluorescent intensities of Ex 240:Ex 310:Ex 360 nm at Ex 460 nm). This compound is observed to be refractory in landfilling or in anoxic/aerobic treatments, and is specific to this leachate contamination. This paper revealed that the coupling of SEC and EEM can be useful to track the fluorescent DOM fraction in landfill leachate. 相似文献
793.
Effects of activated carbon types and service life on removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals: amitrol, nonylphenol, and bisphenol-A 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Removal performances of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) such as amitrol, nonylphenol, and bisphenol-A were evaluated in this study using granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption. This study found that GAC adsorption was effective in removal of EDCs with high Kow value. Nonylphenol and bisphenol-A were effectively adsorbed onto all carbons (including the used carbons) tested in this study. As indicated by Kow value, nonylphenol was more effectively adsorbed than bisphenol-A. The coal-based carbon was found more effective than other carbons in the adsorption of nonylphenol and bisphenol-A due to its larger pore volume. The adsorption capacity reduced with the operation year, and the extent of the reduction was different depending upon the carbon type and the operation year. Amitrol was effectively removed by biological degradation, but was poorly adsorbed. Since the microbes residing at the used carbons already accustomed to amitrol, the used carbons removed amitrol better than the virgin carbons. Although the coal-based carbon showed the best removal performance of amitrol, GAC adsorption could not be recommended for amitrol removal because considerable portion of incoming amitrol (9–87%) passed through GAC adsorption column. According to this study, pore volume mainly influenced the adsorption capacity, but the surface charge was also important due to electrical interaction. The adsorption parameters for nonylphenol and bisphenol-A provided by this study could be valuable when GAC adsorption was considered to handle an accidental spill of nonylphenol and bisphenol-A. 相似文献
794.
Shih-Yu Chang Guor-Cheng Fang Charles C.-K. Chou Wei-Nai Chen 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2006,40(40):7796-7809
Asia is one of the major sources of not only mineral dust but also anthropogenic aerosols. Continental air masses associated with the East Asian winter monsoon always contain high contents of mineral dust and anthropogenic species and transported southeastward to Taiwan, which have significant influences on global atmospheric radiation transfer directly by scattering and absorbing solar radiation in each spring. However, few measurements for the long-range transported aerosol and its optical properties were announced in this area, between the Western Pacific and the southeastern coast of Mainland China. The overall objective of this work is to quantify the optical characteristics of different aerosol types in the Eastern Asian. In order to achieve this objective, meteorological parameters, concentrations of PM10 and its soluble species, and optical property of atmospheric scattering coefficients were measured continuously with 1 h time-resolved from 11 February to 7 April 2004 in Taipei Basin (25°00′N, 121°32′E). In this work, the dramatic changes of meteorological parameters such as temperature and winds were used to determine the influenced period of each air mass. Continental, strong continental, marine, and stagnant air masses defined by the back-trajectory analysis and local meteorology were further characterized as long-range transport pollution, dust, clean marine, and local pollution aerosols, respectively, according to the diagnostic ratios. The aerosol mass scattering efficiency of continental pollution, dust, clean marine, and local pollution aerosols were ranged from 1.3 to 1.6, 0.7 to 1.0, 1.4 and 1.4 to 2.3 m2 g−1, respectively. Overall, there are two distinct populations of aerosol mass scattering efficiencies, one for an aerosol chemical composition dominated by dust (<1.0 m2 g−1) and the other for an aerosol chemical composition dominated by anthropogenic pollutants (1.3–2.3 m2 g−1), which were similar to the previous measurements with high degree of temporal resolution. 相似文献
795.
Historical trends of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in sediments buried in a reservoir in Northern Taiwan 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations were analyzed at 1-2cm intervals in a sediment core collected from a reservoir in Northern Taiwan to evaluate the organic pollution history. The highest PCDD/F (14.4ng TEQ/kg d.w.) and PCB (0.261ng TEQ(WHO)/kg d.w.) concentrations were determined at 13-15cm (estimated year: 1992). The ages of the levels of sediment core were estimated from the sedimentation rate. Analysis results demonstrate that the PCDD/F concentration of the sediment core measured in the reservoir reached their peak when the municipal waste incinerators (MWIs) in the area started to operate. Furthermore, the decrease in sediment core PCDD/F concentration is related to the time of enforcement of the PCDD/F emission limit set by the Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) in Taiwan. Significant distribution of OCDD in homologue profiles was noted in archived soil samples in Taiwan in which the major input of PCDD/Fs was thought to be atmospheric. Major PCB congeners found in the sediment core were the major components of the commercial PCB products. Input fluxes of PCDD/Fs (5.75-158ng-I-TEQ/m(2)-yr) and PCBs (0.248-3.71ng TEQ(WHO)/m(2)yr) into the reservoir of interest are also calculated from the concentration and sedimentation rate of the sediment. The results reveal that considerable amounts of PCDD/Fs and PCBs were carried into the reservoir of interest in the flood stage but not during normal stage. 相似文献
796.
采用理论计算和实测相结合的方法估计了江苏数字地震台网的地震监测能力。虽然用两种方法得到的监测区略有差异 ,但几何形状相近 ,其公共区域部分更趋合理地反映了目前江苏数字地震台网的监测范围。比较了速度型和位移型地震记录的差异 ,并讨论了其监测范围差异的原因 相似文献
797.
针对钛凝胶(titanium xerogel,TAX)对三价砷[As(Ⅲ)]的吸附容量高(254 mg·g-1)但速率慢的问题,通过浸渍法,将TAX负载到活性炭、海绵及树脂材料制备负载型吸附剂,并评价其除砷性能.除海绵外,活性炭和树脂均能成功负载TAX,其中活性炭基材料的钛负载量在1.4%左右,树脂基材料在5%左右.树脂和活性炭的负载均提高了TAX的除砷速率,且树脂基材料提高的程度更明显.对于初始质量浓度为1.0 mg·L-1的As(Ⅲ)溶液,树脂基材料(TAX@D201)的吸附速率为0.85mg·(g·min)-1,是未负载TAX吸附速率[0.04 mg·(g·min)-1]的21倍.在处理实际含砷地下水的柱实验中,TAX@树脂的有效床体积(BV)达560 BV,是相同金属负载量载铁树脂材料的2.8倍(199 BV).本文结果表明将TAX负载于大孔树脂是一条有效的策略,为TAX应用于含砷地下水的净化提供了新思路. 相似文献
798.
799.
800.
Mingteh Chang Christopher M. Crowley Ahmad A. Nuruddin 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》1995,13(3-4)
A greenhouse study was conducted to evaluate the response of herbaceous mimosa (Mimosa strigillosa) to six levels of cyclic soil moisture stresses in a 17-week period. The results showed that the cultivar continued to grow and the biomass continued to increase even when the soil moisture stress was as high as at the wilting point (1500 Kpa). Also, transpiration recovery rate was quick and values of root/shoot ratio were high when the plant was subject to the cyclic moisture stress condition. All these characteristics, along with strong rooting and spreading ability, suggest this legume as a promising drought hardiness species for reclamation purposes. 相似文献