废塑料生产汽油,柴油最佳生产工艺及设备

针对目前用废塑料生产汽油、柴油工艺及设备中存在缺点,研制开发出一套新工艺和设备。采用两段熔化两段催化工艺,原料不必分选,利用自制高效催化剂生产出符合国家标准的汽油、柴油。     

Potential nitrogen enrichment of soil and surface water by atmospheric ammonia sorption in intensive livestock production areas

Elevated atmospheric NH₃ levels near intensive livestock operations can add significant N to local agroecosystems. In this study, the potential atmospheric NH₃ sorbed by soil and water was assessed over a 2-year period starting October 2000 in an intensive livestock production area in southern Alberta, Canada. Fifty-two uneven grid sampling sites were selected in the 53,905 ha study area. The sorption rate of atmospheric NH₃ was estimated weekly by exposing distilled water and air-dried soil samples to the atmosphere at the sampling sites. The increases in NH₄–N content in the samples after 1-week exposure was regarded as an index of the atmospheric NH₃ sorbed for that week. The NH₃ sorption rates were highly variable across the 52 sites, with water ranging from 4 to 125 kg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ with a mean of 22 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ and soil from 5 to 84 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ with a mean of 20 kg N ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. Considerable variation in NH₃–N sorption across the study area reflects the effects of size, direction (upwind or downwind) and proximity of nearby livestock operations or other NH₃ sources and operators’ activities around the sampling sites. The NH₃ sorption rate at each site also varied considerably in response to weather conditions. The high rate of NH₃ input poses a direct risk of surface water eutrophication in intensive livestock operation areas. If fertilizer recommendations are not reduced to account for NH₃ sorption by soil, excess N may also contribute to eutrophication through runoff and leaching.     

我国矿产资源开采中的损失贫化浅析

矿产资源开采中的损失与贫化问题直接关系到国家矿产资源的综合利用程度和可持续发展的问题。我国矿产资源开采中损失贫化大的问题 ,加速了资源枯竭的速度 ,缩短了矿井服务年限 ,加剧了矿产资源供求矛盾 ,造成金属大量流失、开采成本提高、经济效益差并严重阻碍了矿山的发展。文章分析了我国矿产资源开采中的损失贫化大的根源 ,并提出了解决矿石损失贫化的有效途径和低贫损开采模式。     

炭黑工业尾气净化及余热利用

研究表明，炭黑工业生产过程尾气中的可燃气态污染物ＣＯ、Ｈ２、及ＣＨ４等，采用直接燃烧法，是目前我国炭黑尾气净化和回收利用的最佳控制方法。直接燃烧法，不仅可将尾气中可燃气态污染物转变为ＣＯ２和Ｈ２Ｏ，且可回收利用其热量，余热利用率可提高４０％以上。经济技术评价表明，采用直接燃烧法和炭黑尾气发电，其经济效益和环境效益十分可观。     

厌氧-好氧填料床联合处理餐饮废水的研究

调查江苏省扬州市餐饮废水排放特征,开发出一种厌氧-好氧填料床联合反应器用于处理餐饮废水.通过试验确定上流式厌氧填料床水力停留时间为4h,当联合工艺的总水力停留时间为8h时,联合工艺对餐饮废水处理CODcr去除率达到了90%.出水中CODcr、NH3-N、SS、磷酸盐指标达到国家一级排放标准.     

毛细管柱顶空气相色谱法测定水中氯代苯研究

大口径毛细管柱顶空气相色谱测定水中氯苯类的方法 ,具有简便、快速、干扰少、灵敏度高等特点。 0 .2 5mL顶空气体进样 ,二氯苯和三氯苯的检出限为 0 .0 1～ 0 .1 μg/L ,灵敏度高于萃取法 40～ 1 0 0倍 ,更有利于地表水中氯苯类有机物的测定。     

冲孔件质量控制四例

本文结合4个典型实例,对生产中因受落枓、弯曲、拉深等其它冲压工序的影响而产生的冲孔件质量问题进行了分析。介绍了在生产现场解决问题的方法和防止这类废次品产生的措施。根据对具体实例的分析、文章总结出了有关冲孔件质量控制的一些要点。     

稀土元素镧对金鱼藻生长生理及细胞叶绿体结构的影响

研究了稀土元素镧（Ｌａ）对金鱼藻（Ｃｅｒａｔｏｐｈｙｌｕｍｄｅｍｅｒｓｕｍ）叶绿素总量、抗坏血酸氧化酶、过氧化氢酶、过氧化物酶等代谢指标和细胞叶绿体亚显微结构的影响，以及金鱼藻对镧的吸收积累作用．结果表明，短期内低浓度（２—１１０ｍｇ／Ｌ）的镧对金鱼藻生长有一定刺激促进作用，但随处理时间的延长及处理浓度的提高，抑制作用明显增强，并破坏细胞叶绿体结构；金鱼藻对镧有较强的吸收积累能力     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液的处理技术

城市垃圾渗滤液是一种高浓度、难处理的有机废水，本文综述了城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液的处理技术，并对各种渗滤液处理方案及技术进行了分析。     

Effects of copper, chromium and nickel on growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll a synthesis of Chlorella pyrenoidosa 251

Individual and combined effects of three heavy metals; namely, copper, chromium and nickel, on growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll a synthesis of the unicellular green alga, Chlorella pyrenoidosa 251, were determined. Within the concentration range of 0.1 to 1.0 mg litre(-1) of the three heavy metals tested on growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll a synthesis of the alga, the order of toxicity of the three heavy metals was copper > chromium > nickel. The presence of one of the three heavy metals interacted synergistically with the other two heavy metals in various bimetallic combinations on growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll a synthesis of the alga.