甲基对硫磷对三种拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂的光敏降解研究

本文以高压汞灯和自然阳光为光源，研究了甲基对硫磷对氧氰菊酯、溴氰菊酯和氰茂菊酯在玻片表面光致降解的影响。结果表明：甲基对硫磷与三种拟除虫菊酯农药混合照光处理后，可使拟除虫菊酯农药的光解速度加快。氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯和溴氰菊酯的光解半衰期，在高压汞灯下比其单独照光分别缩短１２．１８、８．４６和７．３３倍，在阳光下则分别缩短４．７３，２．６５，和４．４６倍。甲基对硫磷对三种拟除虫菊酯农药表现出显著的光敏     

碳热还原二氧化硫的热力学平衡验证

用煤或焦炭作还原剂，将烟气中的二氧化硫直接还原为元素硫是一种很有应用前景的烟气处理方法。本文采用循环法研究了碳的类型、温度、以及碳用量对反应达到平衡时硫收率和ＳＯ２转化率的影响。实验结果表明，与文献的理论计算结果相比，碳用量对平衡组成的影响基本一致，而温度的影响则不尽相同。     

九龙江流域规模化养殖环境风险评价

在GIS支持下采用养分收支平衡法对九龙江流域规模化生猪养殖的环境风险进行评价。规模化养殖污染负荷在不同类型养殖场的分配、空间分布规律以及规模化养殖的环境风险评价结果表明：规模化养猪业年产粪尿量达107万t，以小型规模化养殖场产生的污染负荷最高；整体来看，规模化生猪养殖的环境风险不大，但由于养殖场的地理分布集中，造成近郊区域规模化养殖的环境风险极高；由于过多施用化肥，中远郊规模化养殖粪尿未得到合理利用而流失。位于水系附近的养殖场对水体影响较大，根据“福建省畜禽养殖污染防治管理办法”，为减少规模化生猪养殖对九龙江水质的直接威胁，需搬迁主要支流沿岸1km范围内的规模化养猪场250个。     

Distribution of mercury in the combustion products from coal-fired power plants in Guizhou,southwest China

Method 30B and the Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) were used to sample the mercury in the flue gas discharged from the seven power plants in Guizhou Province, southwest China. In order to investigate the mercury migration and transformation during coal combustion and pollution control process, the contents of mercury in coal samples, bottom ash, fly ash, and gypsum were measured. The mercury in the flue gas released into the atmosphere mainly existed in the form of Hg°. The precipitator shows a superior ability to remove Hg^p (particulate mercury) from flue gas. The removal efficiency of Hg²⁺ by wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) was significantly higher than that for the other two forms of mercury. The synergistic removal efficiency of mercury by the air pollution control devices (APCDs) installed in the studied power plants is 66.69–97.56%. The Hg mass balance for the tested seven coal-fired power plants varied from 72.87% to 109.67% during the sampling time. After flue gas flowing through APCDs, most of the mercury in coal was enriched in fly ash and gypsum, with only a small portion released into the atmosphere with the flue gas. The maximum discharge source of Hg for power plants was fly ash and gypsum instead of Hg emitted with flue gas through the chimney into the atmosphere. With the continuous upgrading of APCDs, more and more mercury will be enriched in fly ash and gypsum. Extra attention should be paid to the re-release of mercury from the reutilization of by-products from APCDs.

Implications: Method 30B and the Ontario Hydro Method (OHM) were used to test the mercury concentration in the flue gas discharged from seven power plants in Guizhou Province, China. The concentrations of mercury in coal samples, bottom ash, fly ash, and gypsum were also measured. By comparison of the mercury content of different products, we found that the maximum discharge source of Hg for power plants was fly ash and gypsum, instead of Hg emitted with flue gas through the chimney into the atmosphere. With the continuous upgrading of APCDs, more and more mercury will be enriched in fly ash and gypsum. Extra attention should be paid to the re-release of mercury from the reutilization of by-products from APCDs.     

沿面放电臭氧发生器电极的研究

本文论述了电晕放电法产生臭氧的机理和沿面放电用电极的结构及影响因素 ,认为提高电介质的介电常数、表面电阻率和降低电介质的厚度可以提高臭氧发生器的效率。借助实验手段 ,作者还确定了以 0 .2 5～0 .4 mmα-Al2 O3 作为电介质 ,缠绕间距为 2～ 3mm的电极线 ,制成的管式臭氧电极单根臭氧浓度可以达到 1 2～ 1 3g/m3。     

上海市NOx分布状况及其影响因素

以一种简易可靠的大气ＮＯｘ测量方法，大范围地调查了上海市区的ＮＯｘ浓度状况。结果表明，上海市ＮＯｘ浓度分面状况，在不同性质的街区，不同地段，不同道路之间，存在明显差异，居民区大气中ＮＯｘ的浓度可达到国家一级标准要求，但市区各道路网超标严重，平均是一级标准的１．７倍，道路网ＮＯｘ的分布总体呈东南低，北和西北高的梯次。影响城市ＮＯｘ浓度分布的主要因素有：交通、风力、地形、绿化等，在城市建设规划时，应充     

化工项目无组织废气评价探讨

化工项目无组织废气具有排放量小、种类多、排放点广、难以量化等特点.无组织废气的评价是化工项目环评的重要组成部分,评价的主要思路是找出排放源、筛选出主要的排污环节和污染因子、确定排放源强、科学公正地作出评价结论.通过实例说明了做好无组织废气评价在实践环评工作中的重要性.     

阿尔泰诺尔特地区火山岩岩石地球化学特征及构造背景

诺尔特地区火山岩赋存于上泥盆统忙代恰组及下石炭统红山嘴组中 ,火山岩属钙碱性系列 ,主要是酸性陆相火山岩 ,是诺尔特地区中地壳物质经部分熔融作用形成的。构造背景的研究表明 ,火山岩形成于新陆壳演化阶段 ,泥盆纪火山岩是固结期的产物 ,石炭纪火山岩是固结期→弛张期→活化期演化过程中的产物。     

茶叶中六六六、DDT污染源的研究

本实验采用同位素示踪法和微量化学分析法对茶叶中残留的六六六和DDT的来源进行了研究。结果表明,土壤中少量六六六可通过根系进入叶片,两者浓度呈中度正相关(γ=+0.52),DDT呈弱相关(γ=+0.17),茶园用药构成茶叶污染的可能性很小,在茶园禁用六六六和DDT后,构成茶叶中残留的主要来源不是土壤和茶园用水,而主要是农田用药后六六六和DDT通过空气漂移所造成。人工模拟施药实验证实了上述假设,本文还提出了茶叶中六六六和DDT污染源的模式。     

空气污染对城市太阳辐射影响的试验研究

对太阳辐射强度和空气污染浓度的观测分析表明:晴日太阳辐射的减弱与空气污染浓度密切相关。因此可以用太阳辐射强度的长期变化间接推断当地大气质量的长期变化。