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461.
Yung-Yao Lan Ben-Jei Tsuang Noel Keenlyside Shu-Lun Wang Chen-Tung Arthur Chen Bin-Jye Wang Tsun-Hsien Liu 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(21-22):2532-2542
It is well known that skin sea surface temperature (SSST) is different from bulk sea surface temperature (BSST) by a few tenths of a degree Celsius. However, the extent of the error associated with dry deposition (or uptake) estimation by using BSST is not well known. This study tries to conduct such an evaluation using the on-board observation data over the South China Sea in the summers of 2004 and 2006. It was found that when a warm layer occurred, the deposition velocities using BSST were underestimated within the range of 0.8–4.3%, and the absorbed sea surface heat flux was overestimated by 21 W m?2. In contrast, under cool skin only conditions, the deposition velocities using BSST were overestimated within the range of 0.5–2.0%, varying with pollutants and the absorbed sea surface heat flux was underestimated also by 21 W m?2. Scale analysis shows that for a slightly soluble gas (e.g., NO2, NO and CO), the error in the solubility estimation using BSST is the major source of the error in dry deposition estimation. For a highly soluble gas (e.g., SO2), the error in the estimation of turbulent heat fluxes and, consequently, aerodynamic resistance and gas-phase film resistance using BSST is the major source of the total error. In contrast, for a medium soluble gas (e.g., O3 and CO2) both the errors from the estimations of the solubility and aerodynamic resistance are important. In addition, deposition estimations using various assumptions are discussed. The largest uncertainty is from the parameterizations for chemical enhancement factors. Other important areas of uncertainty include: (1) various parameterizations for gas-transfer velocity; (2) neutral-atmosphere assumption; (3) using BSST as SST, and (4) constant pH value assumption. 相似文献
462.
Yu Chi Lin Man Ting Cheng Wei Hsiang Lin Yung-Yao Lan Ben-Jei Tsuang 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(13):1632-1640
The purpose of this study is to explore the possible reasons accounting for elevated nitrate aerosol levels during high particulate days (HPD) in Taichung urban area of central Taiwan. To achieve this goal, simultaneous measurements of particulate and gaseous pollutants were carried out from September 2004 to April 2005 using an annular denuder system (ADS). The formation rate of NO2 to nitrate aerosol, calculated using the relevant chemical reactions, was employed to interpret enhanced nitrate aerosol concentrations during HPD. The observations showed that nitrate concentration during HPD was 14 times higher than that during low particulate days (LPD). The average formation rate during HPD was 4.0% h?1, which was 3.1 times higher than that during LPD. The quantitative analysis showed that the formation rate was mainly influenced by temperature and relative humidity. Lower temperature and higher relative humidity led much nitrate aerosol formation in HPD. Moreover, the residence time analysis of air masses staying over the studied area showed that the slow-motion air retained high nitrate concentrations due to more nitrate aerosol converted from the precursors in NOx-rich areas. 相似文献
463.
464.
电磁辐射对环境的污染及防护措施 总被引:11,自引:1,他引:10
电磁辐射对环境的污染已引起人们的重视 ,早在 196 9就被联合国人类环境会议列为必须严格控制的现代公害之一。论述了电磁辐射的来源、危害及减少电磁辐射是对环境污染的防护措施。对全面了解电磁辐射对环境造成的污染及危害 ,提高自我防护意识具有参考价值 相似文献
465.
Mu Lan Liu Yuhong Wang Chencheng Qu Xiaojuan Yu Yaochuang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(22):27614-27628
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Capacity development has been regarded as one of many measures to empower the abilities of nations to adapt to a changing climate. Promoting public... 相似文献
466.
Chiung-Yu Peng Sheng-Ling Hsiao Cheng-Hang Lan Yu-Li Huang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(1):181-196
The objectives of this study are to investigate the volatile organic compound (VOC) distribution using passive samplers and to assess the resulting health risks in a high-tech science industrial park. With the advantages of passive sampling techniques, long-term and wide-area samples are collected. The results show TVOC concentrations in summer, fall, winter, and spring are 7.14?±?5.66 ppb, 18.17?±?5.81 ppb, 10.30?±?3.54 ppb, and 14.56?±?4.53 ppb, respectively; those on weekdays and weekends are 14.36?±?6.80 ppb and 9.87?±?4.86 ppb, respectively; and those in industrial and residential zones are 12.97?±?0.39 ppb and 11.13?±?0.68 ppb, respectively. Based on concentration variations, and benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene ratios, we can resolve the source origins. Health risks are assessed based on the resulting concentrations. In the case of non-cancer chronic effects, long-term exposure to these concentrations does not support there is a risk of adverse health effects. However, potential cancer risks of exposure to these concentrations may occur, especially to carbon tetrachloride and benzene. By applying this study’s procedures, information on VOC concentration distribution, source identification, and health assessment can be obtained and they are applicable to similar studies. 相似文献
467.
Thu Lan T. Nguyen Shabbir H. Gheewala Masayuki Sagisaka 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(5):412-418
One of the major justifications for bio-energy systems is their low greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to fossil-energy ones. Transforming a sugar mill into a bio-energy plant would contribute to climate change mitigation via the extraction of renewable electricity and ethanol. This study takes the case of the sugar industry in Thailand and identifies scenario options that offer GHG reduction benefits. Improving efficiency in electricity generation from sugar cane residues e.g. excess bagasse and cane trash is such a beneficial option. Furthermore, extracting ethanol in a so-called bio-refinery, where the co-product stillage is utilized for energy, tends to magnify the potential benefit. The largest savings potential achieved with extracting ethanol from surplus sugar versus current practice in the sugar industry in Thailand amounts to 14 million tonnes CO2e a year. This cannot be realized in practice until the carbon debt from land conversion is repaid, which takes 4.5–7 years, assuming that the land converted is grassland. 相似文献
468.
在住房价格不断飙升的背景下,地方政府得益于土地财政收入的迅速增加,引发了土地财政是否推动房价上涨的探讨。基于乘数效应和简化的区域经济增长三部门模型,分析土地财政影响房价的机制;采用我国1999—2010年各省面板数据进行单位根检验、Hausman检验和协整检验,构建土地财政影响住房价格的长期均衡模型。理论与实证分析均发现,存在土地财政推高房价的循环效应,地方政府经济增长对土地财政的依赖程度与住房价格呈正相关关系。 相似文献
469.
Gao Lan Jiang Jingjing He Haonan Zhou Qi Wang Shanyong Li Jun 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2022,44(9):3157-3171
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Achieving carbon neutrality has become a global consensus, and plenty of measures and policies have been proposed in various industries to obtain this... 相似文献
470.
Nguyen Lan Huong Nguyen Tien Dung Tran Thi Viet Nga Nguyen Duc Luong Tran Hoai Son Nguyen Thuy Lien Nguyen Thi Huong Nguyen Hoang Giang Nguyen Tan Phong Nguyen Ngoc Tuan Isawa Tomoo Ta Yasutaka Sato Ryoichi 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(28):41983-41991
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Steel slag is an industrial by product of steel manufacturing processes and has been widely utilized within civil and construction materials for road... 相似文献