江西省县域农业碳排放的时空动态及影响因素分析

通过构建江西省农业碳排放测算体系,采用碳转化系数法对江西省县域农业碳排放进行了估算,并分析了2000~2010年江西省农业碳排放的时空动态及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）江西省农业碳排放总量从2000年的23085万t增长到2010年的29051万t,不同年份农业碳排放均主要源于化肥施用与农业机械使用;（2）全省农业碳排放量的空间分布呈现较为明显的集聚特征,主要年份高碳排放区均集中于鄱阳湖周边地区;碳排放强度多为Ⅱ级水平,空间分布上与碳排放量相比更为均衡;（3）江西省县域间农业碳排放的相对差异与绝对差异整体上均呈明显扩大的趋势;（4）生产效率、结构、劳动力等因素对农业碳排放有抑制作用,农业经济发展则促进碳排放量增加,农业碳排放还受社会、政策等影响     

An alternative supercritical fluid extraction system for aqueous matrices and its application in pesticides residue analysis

Abstract

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is a rapid and convenient method for the isolation of organic compounds from environmental samples. This paper describes a supercritical carbon dioxide (CO₂) extraction system that uses a newly designed extraction cell to recover organic compounds from an aqueous matrix. Analysis of the extracts by gas chromatography‐electron capture detector (GC‐ECD) indicated that the herbicide trifluralin (2,6‐dinitro‐N,N‐dipropyl‐4‐trifluoromethylaniline) could be quantitatively extracted by using the SFE system proposed with small amounts of sample. The percentage of recovery obtained with the SFE system described was twice as high as the result obtained using a conventional solid‐phase extraction technique. Extraction by SFE was completed in a short period of time using a simple and low‐cost home‐made system that did not require the use of organic solvents.     

Analytical methods for the determination of alachlor,metolachlor, simazine and atrazine mobility in soils

Abstract

A method for the determination of the mobility of the herbicides, alachlor, metolachlor, simazine and atrazine in soil is described . The method is based on the use of soil thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) and does not require the use of radiolabelled compounds. Soil on the TLC plate after development was separated into various bands, the material in each band was extracted with solvents and analyzed by gas chromatography.     

水泥对垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的固化研究

采用水泥固化法处理垃圾焚烧飞灰,研究了飞灰与水泥质量比、养护时间、添加剂和化学预处理对垃圾焚烧飞灰固化块中重金属Zn、Pb、Cu、Cd、Cr浸出的影响.结果表明,当飞灰与水泥质量比为3:4,养护时间为11d的条件下,以砂浆塑化剂为添加剂,固化块Pb、Cu、Cd和Cr的浸出浓度分别降低了72.4％、70.6％、60.0％...     

青萍在Pb、Cu污染水体植物修复中的应用研究

以青萍种浮萍（Lemna perpusilla Torr.）为实验材料,以Pb（Ⅱ）、Cu（Ⅱ）为染毒因子,设定金属离子浓度梯度（Pb（Ⅱ）：0～40 mg/L,Cu（Ⅱ）：0～4 mg/L）,考察了在不同金属离子浓度下青萍生长状况、叶片色素含量以及金属离子浓度对青萍N、P和金属离子吸收能力的影响。结果表明：金属离子浓...     

湿法烟气脱硫石膏制备硫酸铵

采用湿法烟气脱硫石膏为原料,与( NH4)2CO3反应,制备(NH4)2SO4.通过X射线衍射仪表征可知:脱硫石膏的主要成分为CaSO4,反应后CaSO4中的Ca2+大部分以CaCO3形式存在于固体沉淀物中,CaCO3粉末平均粒径为80 nm;而原先CaSO4中的不溶性SO2-4则与NH+4结合生成(NH4)2SO4,...     

Construction of MOFs-based nanocomposite membranes for emerging organic contaminants abatement in water

● Application of the MOF-composite membranes in adsorption was discussed. ● Recent application of MOFs-membranes for separation was summarized. ● Separation and degradation for emerging organic contaminants were described. Presence of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) in water is one of the major threats to water safety. In recent decades, an increasing number of studies have investigated new approaches for their effective removal. Among them, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted increasing attention since their first development thanks to their tunable metal nodes and versatile, functional linkers. However, whether or not MOFs have a promising future for practical application in emerging contaminants-containing wastewater is debatable. This review summarizes recent studies about the removal of EOCs using MOFs-related material. The synthesis strategies of both MOF particles and composites, including thin-film nanocomposite and mixed matrix membranes, are critically reviewed, as well as various characterization technologies. The application of the MOF-based composite membranes in adsorption, separation (nanofiltration and ultrafiltration), and catalytic degradation are discussed. Overall, literature survey shows that MOFs-based composite could play a crucial role in eliminating EOCs in the future. In particular, modified membranes that realize separation and degradation might be the most promising materials for such application.     

Unanswered questions on the airborne transmission of COVID-19

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Policies and measures to control pandemics are often failing. While biological factors controlling transmission are usually well explored, little is known about...     

土壤中硒的形态

３种江苏省土壤,即潮盐土,灰潮土和黄棕壤原土硒和外加硒的形态分布研究结果表明,原土硒主要分布在残渣态Ｆ５上,３种土壤的Ｆ５的百分含量均达全量硒的８０％左右,而外加硒经４个培养后相对均匀地分布于可溶态Ｆ１（黄棕壤例外）,交换态Ｆ２、氨水提取态Ｆ３和残渣态Ｆ５上,２种处理下硒形态分布与土壤ＰＨ值,粘粒和游离氧化铁含量有一定关系,ＰＨ值是潮盐土≈灰潮土＞黄宗壤,粘粒及游离氧化铁含量是黄棕壤＞潮盐土＞灰质     

用一级动力学微分方程研究流动法中红壤吸附铜动力学

本文主要运用一级动力学微分方程研究流动法中红壤吸附铜的动力学特征。实验结果表明,反应过程总速率受扩散作用的限制。在低吸附量区域里总速率由外表面扩散速率决定;在高吸附量区域里总速率由内表面扩散速率决定。在恒定温度和pH值后,红壤吸附铜的理论饱和吸附量x_∞几乎不受流速、浓度的影响,基本为一定值;相反实测饱和吸附量x_∞受流速及浓度的影响。理论x_∞>实测x_∞。