江西省县域农业碳排放的时空动态及影响因素分析

通过构建江西省农业碳排放测算体系,采用碳转化系数法对江西省县域农业碳排放进行了估算,并分析了2000~2010年江西省农业碳排放的时空动态及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）江西省农业碳排放总量从2000年的23085万t增长到2010年的29051万t,不同年份农业碳排放均主要源于化肥施用与农业机械使用;（2）全省农业碳排放量的空间分布呈现较为明显的集聚特征,主要年份高碳排放区均集中于鄱阳湖周边地区;碳排放强度多为Ⅱ级水平,空间分布上与碳排放量相比更为均衡;（3）江西省县域间农业碳排放的相对差异与绝对差异整体上均呈明显扩大的趋势;（4）生产效率、结构、劳动力等因素对农业碳排放有抑制作用,农业经济发展则促进碳排放量增加,农业碳排放还受社会、政策等影响     

An alternative supercritical fluid extraction system for aqueous matrices and its application in pesticides residue analysis

Abstract

Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) is a rapid and convenient method for the isolation of organic compounds from environmental samples. This paper describes a supercritical carbon dioxide (CO₂) extraction system that uses a newly designed extraction cell to recover organic compounds from an aqueous matrix. Analysis of the extracts by gas chromatography‐electron capture detector (GC‐ECD) indicated that the herbicide trifluralin (2,6‐dinitro‐N,N‐dipropyl‐4‐trifluoromethylaniline) could be quantitatively extracted by using the SFE system proposed with small amounts of sample. The percentage of recovery obtained with the SFE system described was twice as high as the result obtained using a conventional solid‐phase extraction technique. Extraction by SFE was completed in a short period of time using a simple and low‐cost home‐made system that did not require the use of organic solvents.     

Analytical methods for the determination of alachlor,metolachlor, simazine and atrazine mobility in soils

Abstract

A method for the determination of the mobility of the herbicides, alachlor, metolachlor, simazine and atrazine in soil is described . The method is based on the use of soil thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) and does not require the use of radiolabelled compounds. Soil on the TLC plate after development was separated into various bands, the material in each band was extracted with solvents and analyzed by gas chromatography.     

水泥对垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的固化研究

采用水泥固化法处理垃圾焚烧飞灰,研究了飞灰与水泥质量比、养护时间、添加剂和化学预处理对垃圾焚烧飞灰固化块中重金属Zn、Pb、Cu、Cd、Cr浸出的影响.结果表明,当飞灰与水泥质量比为3:4,养护时间为11d的条件下,以砂浆塑化剂为添加剂,固化块Pb、Cu、Cd和Cr的浸出浓度分别降低了72.4％、70.6％、60.0％...     

微生物絮凝剂絮凝机理的研究方法

微生物絮凝剂是一种新型的絮凝剂,为了为微生物絮凝剂絮凝机理的研究提供全面、系统的研究技术,对微生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理,影响絮凝产生的因素进行了综述,并结合不断发展的现代生物技术与仪器分析技术,剖析了絮凝机理的各种研究方法,最后还提出了微生物絮凝剂絮凝机理的研究方向.     

HUSB反应器提高以印染废水为主的城镇废水可生化性的研究

以印染废水为主的城镇废水中含有大量难降解有机物,可生化性较差。为提高该类废水的可生化性,采用HUSB反应器对环太湖城镇的实际混合工业废水进行预处理,通过紫外-可见光光谱、GC-MS等手段对废水中的有机组分在处理前后的变化进行表征,评价了废水可生化性的差异。结果显示,废水B/C值从0.251提升至0.423,废水中部分大分子有机物分解为小分子有机物,含有不饱和键的芳香类及环烃化合物含量有所下降,说明该类废水经过HUSB反应器处理后可生化性得到了显著提高。     

青萍在Pb、Cu污染水体植物修复中的应用研究

以青萍种浮萍（Lemna perpusilla Torr.）为实验材料,以Pb（Ⅱ）、Cu（Ⅱ）为染毒因子,设定金属离子浓度梯度（Pb（Ⅱ）：0～40 mg/L,Cu（Ⅱ）：0～4 mg/L）,考察了在不同金属离子浓度下青萍生长状况、叶片色素含量以及金属离子浓度对青萍N、P和金属离子吸收能力的影响。结果表明：金属离子浓...     

湿法烟气脱硫石膏制备硫酸铵

采用湿法烟气脱硫石膏为原料,与( NH4)2CO3反应,制备(NH4)2SO4.通过X射线衍射仪表征可知:脱硫石膏的主要成分为CaSO4,反应后CaSO4中的Ca2+大部分以CaCO3形式存在于固体沉淀物中,CaCO3粉末平均粒径为80 nm;而原先CaSO4中的不溶性SO2-4则与NH+4结合生成(NH4)2SO4,...     

Construction of MOFs-based nanocomposite membranes for emerging organic contaminants abatement in water

● Application of the MOF-composite membranes in adsorption was discussed. ● Recent application of MOFs-membranes for separation was summarized. ● Separation and degradation for emerging organic contaminants were described. Presence of emerging organic contaminants (EOCs) in water is one of the major threats to water safety. In recent decades, an increasing number of studies have investigated new approaches for their effective removal. Among them, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted increasing attention since their first development thanks to their tunable metal nodes and versatile, functional linkers. However, whether or not MOFs have a promising future for practical application in emerging contaminants-containing wastewater is debatable. This review summarizes recent studies about the removal of EOCs using MOFs-related material. The synthesis strategies of both MOF particles and composites, including thin-film nanocomposite and mixed matrix membranes, are critically reviewed, as well as various characterization technologies. The application of the MOF-based composite membranes in adsorption, separation (nanofiltration and ultrafiltration), and catalytic degradation are discussed. Overall, literature survey shows that MOFs-based composite could play a crucial role in eliminating EOCs in the future. In particular, modified membranes that realize separation and degradation might be the most promising materials for such application.     

Unanswered questions on the airborne transmission of COVID-19

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Policies and measures to control pandemics are often failing. While biological factors controlling transmission are usually well explored, little is known about...