Acidification of lead/zinc mine tailings and its effect on heavy metal mobility

The acid-forming potential of lead/zinc (Pb/Zn) mine tailings at Lechang City of Guangdong Province was studied using both net acid generation (NAG) and acid-base accounting (ABA) methods. The pyritic and total sulfur contents of the tailings were 12.6% and 18.7%, respectively. The mean acid neutralization capacity (ANC) was 63.5 kg H2SO4/t while three oxidized tailings samples had an ANC less than zero. The NAG and net acid production potential (NAPP) values were 220 and 326 kg H2SO4/t, and both the NAG and NAPP results indicated that the tailings had a high acid-forming potential. NAG was more accurate than NAPP in predicting acid-forming potential of the tailings due to uncompleted oxidization of pyritic sulfur. Analysis of samples from two profile tests indicated that acidification mainly occurred at the surface (0-20 cm) and had little effects at deep layer of the tailings. Total concentrations of Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd were increased greatly with depth at the acidified tailings profile, while heavy metal concentrations at different depths of nonacidified tailings profile were similar. The results indicated that depletion of heavy metals at the acidified surface was due to acidification. The diethylenetetramine pentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd concentrations of acidified tailings surface (0-20 cm) were significantly higher than those of nonacidified tailings, which further revealed that acidification enhanced the mobility of heavy metals in the tailings.     

1961～2017年中国不同长历时暴雨与总降雨事件的空间分异特征对比研究

长历时强降雨事件所导致的城市内涝已经成为当前中国城市安全建设和发展的严峻问题,因此,研究不同长历时强降雨事件空间演变特征具有重要的意义。采用1961~2017年中国545个日值气象站点降水数据,从雨量和雨日2个属性,分析不同长历时暴雨和总降雨事件的总量特征、变化趋势和年际变率空间分异格局。结果表明：(1)中国不同长历时暴雨和总降雨事件均呈东南高-西北低的空间分异格局,且随着降雨历时的增加,量级较高的不同长历时暴雨和总降雨事件在空间分布上逐渐向东南沿海地区集聚,且空间高低分异特征逐渐趋于减小。在华西秋雨的影响下,华西地区总降雨雨日相比同纬度其它地区较高。(2)中国不同长历时暴雨雨量和雨日主要在东南地区呈增加趋势,西北地区增减不明显。总降雨雨量变化趋势在东南和西北呈增加趋势,而在两者中间过渡带呈减少趋势,且随着降雨历时增加,减少趋势地带向东南和西北地区扩张。不同长历时总降雨雨日变化趋势则呈南方减少北方增加态势。(3)中国历时2 d的暴雨雨量和雨日年际变率在农牧交错带及其毗邻地区最大,而历时3 d以上的暴雨雨量和雨日年际变率则呈东南大-西北的分异格局。中国不同长历时总降雨雨量和雨日年际变率整体上呈南高-方低的分异格局,且随着降雨历时的增加,年际变率较大的地区向中国南部地区扩张。     

环境辐射有关问题的讨论

本文论述了与环境辐射有关的问题。根据其剂量当量和危险水平,讨论了公众剂量限值的实践性     

用模糊数学和层次分析法进行城市综合环境质量评价

介绍了一种用模糊数学和层次分析法进行城市综合环境质量评价的方法,并用此方法对乌鲁木齐市的城市综合环境质量进行了评价,取得了较为满意的结果.     

砷钼杂多酸─罗丹明6G荧光猝灭法测定痕量砷

探讨了在聚乙烯醇存在下，砷钼杂多酸──罗丹明６Ｇ荧光猝灭法测定痕量砷的条件，其λ_（ｅｍ）位于５６０ｎｍ，Ａｓ（Ｖ）量在２～６０ｎｇ／ｍＬ范围内与荧光猝灭值成线性关系。方法可用于环境水样中痕量砷的测定。     

模糊向量加权记分评价水质

本文把模糊综合评判得到的水质模糊等级向量作为权,赋予不同的分值,即模糊向量加权记分,依据评分的高低确定水质级别,宏观上与最大隶属度判别原则判别结果一致,微观上提高了判别灵敏度,从而达到客观评价水环境质量的目的。     

The effects of hydrogen peroxide pre-oxidation on ultrafiltration membrane biofouling alleviation in drinking water treatment

Pre-oxidation is widely used to reduce ultrafiltration membrane fouling.However,the variation in the composition of microbial communities and extracellular polymeric substances(EPSs) accompanying pre-oxidation in drinking water treatment has received little attention.In this study,hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2) was used in a coagulationultrafiltration process with Al_2(SO_4)_3·18H_2O.A long-term reactor experiment(60 d) showed that pre-oxidation alleviated membrane fouling,mainly due to its inhibition of microbial growth,as observed by flow cytometry measurements of the membrane tank water.Further analysis of the formed cake layer demonstrated that the corresponding levels of EPS released from the microbes were lower with than without H_2O_2 treatment.In comparison to polysaccharides,proteins dominated the EPS.2 D-electrophoresis showed little difference(p 0.05,Student's t-test) in the composition of proteins in the cake layer between the treatments with and without H_2O_2.The molecular weights of proteins ranged from approximately 30–50 kDa and the majority of isoelectric points ranged from 6 to 8.Highthroughput sequencing showed that the predominant bacteria were Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Verrucomicrobia in both cake layers.However,the relative abundance of Planctomycetes was higher in the cake layer with H_2O_2 pre-oxidation,which was likely probably due to the strong oxidative resistance of its cell wall.Overall,our findings clarify the fundamental molecular mechanism in H_2O_2 pre-oxidation for ultrafiltration membrane bio-fouling alleviation in drinking water treatment.     

引入绿色可再生能源的电力产品营销策略改进研究

从绿色可再生能源电力产品营销策略现状分析着手,分析绿色可再生能源的分布不均匀及绿色可再生能源的营销制度尚未完善对电力发展产生的严重制约。引入绿色可再生能源理念,从合理推广绿色可再生能源的电力产品、大力开发绿色可再生能源电力产品、拓宽绿色可再生能源电力产品市场、建立绿色可再生能源电力产品交易系统、健全绿色可再生能源电力产品的营销法规及制度以及制定绿色可再生能源电力产品的产业竞争优势战略等方面对电力产品营销策略进行改进,实现绿色可再生能源的合理分配。     

石英Al心和Ti-Li心电子自旋共振信号测年结果对比：以腾格里沙漠白碱湖地区BJ14钻孔中沉积物为例

早—中更新世沉积年代的确定是第四纪研究领域亟待解决的难题,电子自旋共振（ESR）测年法为该时段沉积物定年提供了可能。但已有的研究发现：石英Ti心和Al心ESR信号完全衰退“回零”或达到较稳定“残留”所需时间较长,因而其可信性备受质疑。本研究选取腾格里沙漠白碱湖地区BJ14钻孔中5个不同深度的沉积物,分别基于其中石英Ti心和Al心信号进行了ESR定年。测年结果显示：（1）2个样品基于Al心ESR信号与基于Ti-Li心ESR信号的测年结果在年龄误差范围内一致,其它3个样品Al心ESR测年结果较Ti-Li心测年结果偏老200—500 ka;（2）与该孔的古地磁测年结果对比表明,石英Ti-Li心ESR测年结果相对可靠。上述研究结果表明石英Ti-Li心的ESR测年结果至少能提供中更新世更为可信的沉积年龄。     

气候环境实验室降/扬雪环境表征方法分析

针对国内目前尚未开展过民机整机级实验室降/扬雪试验、对适航关注的降/扬雪环境参数不明确等问题,分析了气候环境实验室降/扬雪环境表征方法。首先从与降/扬雪相关的气象标准、环境试验标准、适航符合性验证方法和国外民机相关试验资料这四个方面着手收集了与降/扬雪环境相关的文献,分析提炼出了10个可对降/扬雪环境进行表征的方法。然后以民机降/扬雪环境下的适航符合性验证要求为基础,结合上述提炼出的10个表征方法,分析确定采用温度、能见度、总含水量、风速和雪密度对气候环境实验室降/扬雪环境进行表征,研究得到的降/扬雪环境表征方法可为将来在气候环境实验室内开展民机降/扬雪试验提供参考。