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991.
Mercury emission and plant uptake of trace elements during early stage of soil amendment using flue gas desulfurization materials 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Cheng CM Chang YN Sistani KR Wang YW Lu WC Lin CW Dong JH Hu CC Pan WP 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2012,62(2):139-150
A pilot-scale field study was carried out to investigate the distribution of Hg and other selected elements (i.e., As, B, and Se), i.e., emission to ambient air, uptake by surface vegetation, and/or rainfall infiltration, after flue gas desulfurization (FGD) material is applied to soil. Three FGD materials collected from two power plants were used. Our results show Hg released into the air and uptake in grass from all FGD material-treated soils were all higher (P < 0.1) than the amounts observed from untreated soil. Hg in the soil amended with the FGD material collected from a natural oxidation wet scrubber (i.e., SNO) was more readily released to air compared to the other two FGD materials collected from the synthetic gypsum dewatering vacuum belt (i.e., AFO-gypsum) and the waste water treatment plant (i.e., AFO-CPS) of a forced oxidation FGD system. No Hg was detected in the leachates collected during the only 3-hour, 1-inch rainfall event that occurred throughout the 4-week testing period. For every kilogram of FGD material applied to soil, AFO-CPS released the highest amount of Hg, B, and Se, followed by SNO, and AFO gypsum. Based on the same energy production rate, the land application of SNO FGD material from Plant S released higher amounts of Hg and B into ambient air and/or grass than the amounts released when AFO-gypsum from Plant A was used. Using FGD material with lower concentration levels of Hg and other elements of concern does not necessary post a lower environmental risk. In addition, this study demonstrates that considering only the amounts of trace elements uptake in surface vegetation may under estimate the overall release of the trace elements from FGD material-amended soils. It also shows, under the same soil amendment conditions, the mobility of trace elements varies when FGD materials produced from different processes are used. 相似文献
992.
993.
基于催化剂在线增活工艺,以火电厂运行条件下的典型钒钛类失活催化剂为原料,采用单因素变量法展开了钒基活化液各成分对失活催化剂增活效果的研究,对活化液增活后的催化剂进行活性评价及SEM、BET、FT-IR和XRD等分析,考察增活前后NO转换率、催化剂表面形貌及结构的变化情况。研究结果表明,在实验条件下,随着4种活性成分含量的增加,催化剂增活后NO转换率均呈现先升高后降低的规律,NO转换率最高达99%,且增活后催化剂表面活性成分增加,Brnsted酸性位增多,比表面积增加,对烟气具有较强适应力。 相似文献
994.
实验主张将餐厨固体垃圾和餐厨废水分开处理,并研究微生物燃料电池(MFC)作为餐厨废水和堆肥渗滤液处理工艺的可行性,通过调节不同的有机负荷,分析其生物产电的潜力和处理效率。对于餐厨废水而言,3 000 mg/L是较为理想的处理浓度,输出电压最高,始终维持在0.5 V以上;高于此浓度时电压输出特性与底物浓度呈现反相关,输出电压略低于0.5 V。极化曲线,电化学阻抗分析等也都表明3 000 mg/L是较为理想的处理浓度。而且在各种浓度下经MFC处理后的餐厨废水去除率均在90%左右,出水COD均低于400 mg/L。至于堆肥渗滤液,虽然在产电性能、去除效果上较餐厨废水稍差一些,但整体上与餐厨废水呈现出相似的规律。以上结果表明,餐厨垃圾中的废水可以通过MFC有效的去除和实现能量的回收。 相似文献
995.
Xiao-Song He Bei-Dou Xi Xiang Li Hong-Wei Pan Da An Shuo-Guo Bai Dan Li Dong-Yu Cui 《Chemosphere》2013
The present several humification indexes cannot provide the whole fluorescence information on organic matter composition and the evaluation results from them are inconsistent sometimes. In this study, fluorescence excitation–emission matrix spectra coupled with parallel factor analysis and fluorescence regional integration analysis were utilized to investigate organic matter humification, and the projection pursuit cluster (PPC) model was applied to form a suitable index for overcoming the difficulties in multi-index evaluation. The result showed that the ratio between the volume of humic- and fulvic-like fluorescence region and the volume of protein-like fluorescence region not only revealed the heterogeneity of organic matter, but also provided more accurate information on organic matter humification. In addition, the results showed that the PPC model could be used to characterize integrally the humification, and the projected characteristic value calculated from the PPC model could be used as the integrated humification evaluation index. 相似文献
996.
Kuan Lun Pan Mei Chung Chen Sheng Jen Yu Shaw Yi Yan 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2016,66(6):619-630
Direct decompositions of nitric oxide (NO) by La0.7Ce0.3SrNiO4, La0.4Ba0.4Ce0.2SrNiO4, and Pr0.4Ba0.4Ce0.2SrNiO4 are experimentally investigated, and the catalysts are tested with different operating parameters to evaluate their activities. Experimental results indicate that the physical and chemical properties of La0.7Ce0.3SrNiO4 are significantly improved by doping with Ba and partial substitution with Pr. NO decomposition efficiencies achieved with La0.4Ba0.4Ce0.2SrNiO4 and Pr0.4Ba0.4Ce0.2SrNiO4 are 32% and 68%, respectively, at 400 °C with He as carrier gas. As the temperature is increased to 600 °C, NO decomposition efficiencies achieved with La0.4Ba0.4Ce0.2SrNiO4 and Pr0.4Ba0.4Ce0.2SrNiO4, respectively, reach 100% with the inlet NO concentration of 1000 ppm while the space velocity is fixed at 8000 hr?1. Effects of O2, H2O(g), and CO2 contents and space velocity on NO decomposition are also explored. The results indicate that NO decomposition efficiencies achieved with La0.4Ba0.4Ce0.2SrNiO4 and Pr0.4Ba0.4Ce0.2SrNiO4, respectively, are slightly reduced as space velocity is increased from 8000 to 20,000 hr?1 at 500 °C. In addition, the activities of both catalysts (La0.4Ba0.4Ce0.2SrNiO4 and Pr0.4Ba0.4Ce0.2SrNiO4) for NO decomposition are slightly reduced in the presence of 5% O2, 5% CO2, or 5% H2O(g). For durability test, with the space velocity of 8000 hr?1 and operating temperature of 600 °C, high N2 yield is maintained throughout the durability test of 60 hr, revealing the long-term stability of Pr0.4Ba0.4Ce0.2SrNiO4 for NO decomposition. Overall, Pr0.4Ba0.4Ce0.2SrNiO4 shows good catalytic activity for NO decomposition.Implications: Nitrous oxide (NO) not only causes adverse environmental effects such as acid rain, photochemical smog, and deterioration of visibility and water quality, but also harms human lungs and respiratory system. Pervoskite-type catalysts, including La0.7Ce0.3SrNiO4, La0.4Ba0.4Ce0.2SrNiO4, and Pr0.4Ba0.4Ce0.2SrNiO4, are applied for direct NO decomposition. The results show that NO decomposition can be enhanced as La0.7Ce0.3SrNiO4 is substituted with Ba and/or Pr. At 600 °C, NO decomposition efficiencies achieved with La0.4Ba0.4Ce0.2SrNiO4 and Pr0.4Ba0.4Ce0.2SrNiO4 reach 100%, demonstrating high activity and good potential for direct NO decomposition. Effects of O2, H2O(g), and CO2 contents on catalytic activities are also evaluated and discussed. 相似文献
997.
Ana-Maria Pană Liliana-Marinela Ştefan Geza Bandur Paula Sfîrloagă Vasile Gherman Mihaela Silion Marcel Popa Lucian-Mircea Rusnac 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2013,21(4):981-994
This paper presents the synthesis, thermal stability and biodegradability of new d-mannose glycopolymers. These glycopolymers have been obtained by free radical bulk copolymerization of d-mannose based glycomonomer, 1-O-(2′-hydroxy-3′-methacryloyloxypropyl)-2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-d-mannofuranose (Mm), and respectively d-mannose derived oligomer (Mo) with methyl methacrylate and respectively 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate. The chemical structures of Mm and Mo have been confirmed via FTIR, 1H-NMR and HPLC–MS spectroscopy. The copolymerization process has been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, which allowed calculating the activation energies by applying Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose method. The glycopolymers are thermally stable, fact assessed by TG analysis; their glass transition temperature exceeds 50 °C, so they are part of the glassy class of polymers. The biodegradability of these glycopolymers has been investigated in vitro, using pure cultures of Zymomonas mobilis and Trichoderma reesei. The glycopolymers lose up to 55 % weight in just 14 days of incubation as their surface and composition is altered by colonies of microorganisms that grow on/into them, fact demonstrated using SEM/EDX. 相似文献
998.
999.
微波辅助Cu(Ⅱ)-Fenton体系催化氧化处理对硝基苯酚废水 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了拓宽Fenton反应pH范围,提高降解效率、减少药剂用量,向Fenton体系中添加辅助催化剂Cu(Ⅱ),并对微波辅助催化氧化对硝基苯酚(PNP)模拟废水工艺进行了研究。提出微波辐照-放置处理工艺,并与普通全过程微波处理工艺进行了比较。结果表明,该体系处理工艺将Fenton反应最佳pH范围由2.0~3.5拓宽到2.0~5.5;在pH=5.0时,对于100 mg/L的PNP溶液,当[Cu2+]=0.8 mg/L、[Fe2+]=3.0 mg/L、[H2O2]=0.2 g/L,微波功率250 W,辐照2.0 min、放置4.0 min,PNP去除率可达98%以上;辅助催化剂Cu2+的加入增强了氧化效果,同时节约药品20%以上。通过对比实验发现,Cu2+与Fe2+发生了某种作用机制,联合促进了体系中·OH的生成。该反应体系不仅将传统Fenton反应体系狭窄的pH值范围延伸到接近中性的区域5.0~5.5,又可在短时间内使PNP去除率达到98%以上。 相似文献
1000.
通过固定床实验系统模拟烟气脱除Hg0的实验,研究了O2、HCl、NO、SO2、H2O和NH3对滤袋常用的聚苯硫醚(PPS)纤维负载V2O5-WO3/TiO2新型催化剂后脱除烟气中Hg0的影响,并分析其影响机理。结果表明,在温度为200℃、高纯N2气氛下,Hg0的脱除率很低,加入4%O2后,脱除率有所增加;0.05‰HCl条件下Hg0的脱除率仅为5%,而0.01‰HCl与4%O2并存的条件下,脱除率明显提高;NO对Hg0的催化氧化促进作用不是很显著;SO2对Hg0氧化具有毒害作用;H2O和NH3可抑制Hg0的脱除,O2的存在可抵消NH3的部分抑制作用。 相似文献