岩溶区隧道爆破开挖地震危害控制的研究

隧道爆破开挖是爆破安全工程问题 ,也是工程质量安全问题 ,从长远考虑更是安全及环保问题 ,因震害的潜隐性和危害性 ,必须对其从宏观与微观、工程及周边环境全面考虑。笔者结合爆破作用下微裂纹扩展机理的分析 ,将爆破震速耦合到裂纹损伤断裂条件中 ,得到爆破震动的安全控制标准计算公式 ,结合工程实例 ,给出了不同条件下岩溶区隧道爆破开挖安全控制的建议标准 ,并且提出了爆破地震危害的控制措施 ,为类似工程提供参考。     

北京沙尘天气与源地气象条件的关系

本介绍了影响北京地区沙尘天气的沙尘源地,沙尘暴发生的条件和传输路径,分析了沙尘暴源地的气候要素特征及其对北京地区沙尘天气的影响,说明了北京沙尘天气发生和加剧的原因,影响北京地区沙尘天气的境外源地主要位于哈萨克斯坦,俄罗斯以及蒙古国境内,境内源地主要位于内蒙古和新疆,以及甘肃和青海的部分地区,沙尘天气发生必须具备三个条件：沙源,大风,气流辐合（垂直对流）,有沙源不一定起沙,但无沙源一定不起沙,沙尘暴源地的气候特征主要表现为冬季寒冷,夏季炎热,全年降水稀水,影响北京的沙尘传输路径,最主要的有两条,即西路传输和北路传输,北京沙尘天气与沙尘暴源地的春季降水比较结果表明,北京地区沙尘暴和浮尘天气发生次数与沙尘源区春季大气降水量有比较显的负相关关系,北京扬沙天气的发生与沙源区冬春季降水量相关关系不显,说明北京扬沙天气起因与源区降水没有明显的关系,北京扬沙天气主要受本地的自然条件和人为活动的影响。     

Utilization of Photographs for Determining Impact Indicators for Trail Management

Indicators are a key component of resource management, but selecting them can be difficult and controversial. This study explores different methods for selecting impact indicators for management of trail conditions by comparing photo survey methods (PSM) with written survey methods (WSM). A total of 661 subjects participated in interviews conducted within Mudeung- Mountain Provincial Park in Kwang-ju, Korea. PSM explained variation in acceptability better than WSM. Six major photo components (in order of importance: area of large rocks on trail, area of wood steps, area of bare roots, area of bare soil, area of small stones, and area of stone steps) explained 84.7% of the variation in acceptability of trail management conditions. This study suggests that PSM can be a useful tool for selecting impact indicators. Supported by the grant of Post-Doctoral Program, Chonbuk National University (2001)     

Removal of copper ions and dissolved phenol from water using micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration with mixed surfactants

A laboratory study was conducted to evaluate the effects of composition and concentration of mixed anionic/nonionic surfactants on the efficiency of a micellar-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) operation in removing metal ions/organic solutes from aqueous solutions. Based on the analysis of surface tensions and micelle sizes, it was found that for mixed sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)/Triton X-100 surfactants, the critical micelle concentration (cmc) was significantly lower than that of SDS and mixed micelles formed. The mixed surfactant system was then applied in a cross-flow mode of MEUF, in which the concentration polarization can be neglected, to remove Cu2+ from aqueous solutions. With a surfactant concentration of 10 mM, the Cu2+ rejection was negligible by using pure Triton X-100 and increased with increasing SDS mole fraction with a value as high as 85%, which suggests that the rejection of Cu2+ was due to the electrostatic attraction between Cu2+ and SDS. Furthermore, pronounced Cu2+ rejection was obtained for a 5 mM SDS solution, which was attributable to a decrease in the cmc of SDS by the existence of Cu2+. When the MEUF technique was applied to remove Cu2+ and phenol simultaneously from aqueous solutions, the Cu2+ rejection was slightly enhanced in the presence of phenol. However, the rejection of phenol was comparatively low, approximately 27%, which may be caused by its relatively hydrophilic characteristic.     

基于3S技术的地质灾害易损性面评价研究

以等面积法作为基本手段,结合3S(GIS、RS、GPS)技术探讨地质灾害易损性面评价的实现方法。提出了为实现易损性面评估而确立的评价对象的分类方法、空间数据库的建设方法、基于空间数据库的空间分析方法以及信息的集成方法。最后探讨了在GIS环境下的数据可视化表达方式和实现地质灾害易损性面评价的一般操作流程。     

长江三角洲及其附近地区两千年来水灾的研究

通过对长江三角洲及其附近地区两千年来水灾生成频率和强度的分析。认为两晋、南北朝时期和南宋、元、明、清时期是两千年来本区的主要水灾期。对照两千年来中国东部气候变化、海面升降与长江口河道变迁关系,认为在本区水灾生成事件中,气候因素起着主导控制作用。当然,人类活动对本区水灾生成的影响也不容忽视。本地区近百年来的旱涝灾害规律可用非线性科学的方法进行研究,旱涝灾害的准60年、准35年和准11年的长周期变化与地球自转速度、地极移动和太阳黑子活动的3个周期变化基本一致。本地区气候系统的行为具有混沌特征。这是线性逼近和周期叠加预报方法难以得出灾害预报正确结果的原因,但气候系统半个月的确定性预测可以实现。     

废钻井液固化实验研究

利用经实验筛选的固化剂配方对废钻井液进行了固化处理的室内配方研究。结果表明,经该固化剂配方处理后的固结材料在水中浸泡5d后的浸出液在色度、化学需氧量、pH值、石油类、悬浮物含量和重金属含量等指标方面可达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)中的二级标准。     

河北省河口港址资源质量等级评价

河北省共有31个河口港址,广泛分布于河北省沿海地区。在实地调研和广泛收集数据的基础上,采用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法,对河北省河口港址的自然条件和社会经济状况进行了定性、定量分析。根据分析结果将河口港址资源划分为4个质量等级,提出了不同质量等级河口港址资源开发利用的具体措施。     

《中国现代化报告2007——生态现代化研究》述评

《中国现代化报告2007——生态现代化研究》回顾了世界生态现代化的历程，总结了经验，介绍了世界生态现代化的基本原理，分析并评价世界各国生态现代化的水平，进而提出中国生态现代化的战略思考。这个研究报告指出了人类社会发展的方向一一生态现代化，为此我国必须进一步落实科学发展观，加快实施可持续发展战略，充分发挥后发优势，努力实现跨越式发展，走综合生态现代化的道路。     

漂粉精生产过程中危险有害因素分析

通过对天津市漂粉精生产企业进行研究,分析了漂粉精生产过程可能存在的危险有害因素是尘毒、火灾、爆炸、灼伤、机械伤害等,并针对上述危险有害因素提出相应的防毒,防火防爆,防灼伤,防机械伤害等安全技术措施及安全管理措施.