新能源集中接入下的宁夏电网无功规划研究

针对新能源并网容量不断增加,大规模新能源接入电网时无功电压控制困难的问题,通过研究在新能源大出力方式下系统电压水平、电压波动及严重故障时电压失稳情况,提出了动态无功补偿、低压无功补偿配置方案。研究结果表明提出的无功配置方案适用于宁夏电网新能源场站和新能源汇集站的动态无功补偿,已纳入宁夏“十三五”电网滚动规划,对于保障宁夏电网安全稳定运行具有重要意义。     

宁夏电网分区及供电能力研究

针对宁夏电网结构及运行特性发生的变化及日益严重的短路电流超标问题,本文基于宁夏电网“十三五”规划,提出将宁夏电网分为4个区域的供电分区方案。从电力电量平衡、短路电流水平、安全稳定等方面进行分析,并结合短路电流和动态电压稳定裕度指标对分区方案进行最大供电能力研究。结果表明:分区方案合理、有效,可为宁夏“十三五”电网规划提供了技术支持和决策参考。     

GIS罐体内部异物清理机器人的研发与应用

针对气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备( gas insulated switchgear, GIS)内部异物颗粒引起设备内部电场畸变,从而造成设备闪络故障问题,通过对异物颗粒的产生原因及影响因素进行分析,研制了一种GIS罐体内部异物颗粒清理机器人,实现了GIS设备内部可视化异物清理功能。应用结果表明:机器人检测不仅提高了750kV GIS内部缺陷检查的效率,而且保证了检测人员的安全,为GIS状态检修提供了有效技术支持。     

Climate change impacts on a large-scale erosion coast of Hai Hau district,Vietnam and the adaptation

Among the effects of global warming, sea level rise (SLR) and severe typhoons pose the greatest threat to the stability of human settlements along coastlines. Therefore, countermeasures must be developed to mitigate the influences of strong typhoons and persistent SLR for coastal protection. This study assesses climate change impacts on coastal erosion, especially in two projected SLR scenarios of RCP2.6 and RCP8.5. The results show that SLR and severe typhoons lead to the increase of coastal erosion, beach lowering and scour. Moreover, as in projected SLR scenarios, average waves in high tide can cause severe soil erosion at inner slopes and lead to dyke failure by 2060. The paper highlights the need for additional countermeasures to protect the coast of Hai Hau district against SLR and severe typhoons. Among the alternatives available for countering these threats, applying soil stabilization and soil improvement combined with geosynthetics are promising strategies for coastal structures. Hybrid structures can be used with earth reinforcement and soil improvement. Additionally, the paper emphasizes the importance of multiple protective adaptations, including geosynthetics and ecological engineering measures against climate change-induced severe erosion on the coast of Hai Hau district.     

Investigation of the accumulation of ash,heavy metals,and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to assess the stability of lysis–cryptic growth sludge reduction in sequencing batch reactor

The accumulation of ash, heavy metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (collectively called potential accumulating substances, PAS) was evaluated to ascertain the stability of lysis–cryptic growth sludge reduction process (LSRP) for municipal sludge treatment. One sequencing batch reactor (SBR) incorporated with homogenization was run to test the LSRP and another SBR as a control. The continuous monitoring results for 2 months showed that the ash and heavy metals slightly increased, and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons decreased by 18.0%, indicating that there may be negligible accumulations during the LSRP. Their accumulations met pattern I, as demonstrated by statistical analysis, proving no PAS accumulation for LSRP. This was further confirmed by sludge activity and system performance. Moreover, the mechanism for no PAS accumulation was discussed. It was concluded that the LSRP was stable with no worries about PAS accumulation under the operational conditions.     

Heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange in schwertmannite/oxalate suspension under UV irradiation

Introduction

Schwertmannite was synthesized through an oxidation of FeSO₄ by Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans LX5 cell suspension at an initial pH?2.5 and 28°C for 3?days and characterized using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. The schwertmannite photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) by oxalate was investigated at different initial pH values, concentrations of schwertmannite, oxalate, and MO.

Results

The results demonstrated that photodegradation of MO in the presence of schwertmannite or oxalate alone was very weak. However, the removal of MO was significantly enhanced when schwertmannite and oxalate coexisted in the reaction system. Low pH (4 or less) was beneficial to the degradation of MO. The optimal doses of schwertmannite and oxalate were 0.2?g?L^?1 and 2?mM, respectively. Hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and Fe(II), the intermediate products, were also examined during the reaction to explore their correlation with the degradation of MO.

Conclusion

A possible mechanism for the photocatalytic decomposition of MO in the study was proposed. The formation of Fe(III)-oxalate complexes on the surface of schwertmannite was a precursor of H₂O₂ and Fe(II) production, further leading to the yield of ·OH responsible for the decomposition of MO.     

采油废水中多环芳烃的生态风险评价

先利用C-18固相萃取小柱富集大港油田港东联合处理站污水处理站的采油废水中16种多环芳烃(PAHs,即萘、苊烯、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、、苯并[a]蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘、二苯并[a,h]蒽和苯并[g,h,i]苝),再用气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)分析测定其浓度,以评价PAHs的去除率和生态风险。结果表明:(1)采油废水经处理后,COD、石油类去除率分别达到82.27%、91.06%;外排水COD、石油类达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)一级标准要求,优于中国采油废水处理的一般水平。(2)采油废水主要以2、3环的PAHs为主,约占总量的93%以上。(3)苯并[a]芘超过《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)中限值。(4)处理前的采油废水中蒽、菲和苯并[a]芘具有一定的生态风险;处理后的外排水中萘、蒽、菲、荧蒽、苯并[a]芘的暴露浓度(PEC)/预测无效应浓度(PNEC)均小于1,目前尚未对环境造成威胁。但是8种PAHs(苊烯和苯并类PAHs除外)总和表现出较大的毒性,需要引起重视。     

强化土著微生物处理硝基苯和苯胺污染地下水

以硝基苯、苯胺为主要污染物的污染地下水为研究对象,加入激活剂(乳糖、Na2HPO4、乳糖+Na2HPO4、乙醇、牛肉膏、蛋白胨)激活土著微生物,并考察其对土著微生物生长及硝基苯、苯胺降解效果的影响。加入激活剂3d后测各个水样的脱氢酶活性,对培养9d后的水样进行气相色谱/质谱(GC/MS)分析。结果表明,加入乳糖的水样中,其微生物相对增长率达157.2%,硝基苯、苯胺的相对去除率分别为14.90%和0.79%;加入Na2HPO4和乙醇的水样中,其微生物增长和硝基苯、苯胺降解情况均没有明显变化;加入乳糖+Na2HPO4的水样中,微生物相对增长率达180.3%,硝基苯、苯胺的相对去除率分别为24.20%和1.21%;加入牛肉膏的水样中,微生物的相对增长率为830.7%,硝基苯、苯胺的相对去除率分别为99.99%和99.67%;加入蛋白胨的水样中,其微生物相对增长率为686.0%,硝基苯、苯胺的相对去除率分别为99.33%和58.94%。GC/MS分析结果表明,加入激活剂后对氯苯胺、1-甲基-4-硝基苯等其他有机物的降解率均有提高。由此可见,通过激活土著微生物修复有机物污染地下水是可行的。     

固定化嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌的制备及其降解羽毛废弃物的初步研究

以自制壳聚糖小球为载体,采用吸附固定法制备固定化嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia DHHJ),并将其用于羽毛废弃物降解。结果表明,采用3.0%(质量分数)的壳聚糖制成的壳聚糖小球的形态较好,经高压灭菌后弹性增加,呈多孔状,有很强的吸水性,有利于细菌的吸附固定和生长;在细胞稀释液中加入10%(质量分数)的壳聚糖小球,固定时间设为2d时,制得的固定化小球在发酵过程中释放的有效活菌数最多,可达7.0×106 cfu/mL;在连续10次、共计40d的序批发酵降解过程中,固定化菌的羽毛降解率和发酵液中的角蛋白酶酶活均保持在最大值的80%以上。固定化菌的发酵稳定性较强,能在较长时间内稳定、有效地降解羽毛,具有连续发酵潜力;固定化菌发酵降解羽毛的最佳工艺条件为:小球投加量50mg/mL,羽毛投加量25mg/mL,摇床转速130r/min,发酵5d。     

广州市建筑垃圾资源化的必要性分析

摘要：随着广州市城市化进程的不断加快,城市建筑垃圾的排出量也在快速增长,如何应对和处理建筑垃圾所带来的“垃圾围城”困境,已经成为人们不得不面对的重要问题,推进建筑垃圾资源化是开展建筑垃圾综合治理的有效途径。论述了建筑垃圾资源化再生利用的必要性、紧迫性,指出了广州市建筑垃圾资源化过程中存在的问题,为推进广州市建筑垃圾综合处理实践提供了参考。