餐厨垃圾处理方式的探讨

餐厨垃圾污染日益严重,对环境和人类健康构成巨大威胁.如何对餐厨垃圾进行资源化、减量化、无害化处理,是摆在环保工作者面前的一个课题,本文通过对国内外餐厨余物的产生情况、处理现状以及处理工艺进行分析,探讨适合哈尔滨市餐厨垃圾的处理方式.     

运河(杭州段)沉积物中重金属分布特征及变化

 对受重金属污染较重、综合治理历史较长的京杭大运河杭州段沉积物剖面中重金属的垂向分布、整河段沉积物重金属污染程度和潜在生态风险及重金属的存在形态进行了分析讨论.结果表明,经过长期综合治理,运河杭州段沉积物中重金属的污染程度明显下降,新近沉积物重金属含量明显低于60cm深度以下的重金属含量,但沉积物整体污染水平仍较高,Cd是运河杭州段沉积物中生态危害潜力最大的元素,形态分析表明沉积物中重金属的活动性为Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb.     

Effect of free-air CO2 enrichment on nematode communities in a Chinese farmland ecosystem

At a rice-wheat rotational free-air CO2 enrichment(FACE) platform, the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 on soil nematode communities in a farmland ecosystem was studied. Wheat plots were exposed to elevated atmospheric CO2 (ambient 370 μl/L 200 μl/L).32 families and 40 genera of nematode were observed in soil suspensions during the study period. Under FACE treatment, the numbers of total nematodes, bacterivores and fungivores exhibited an increasing trend. Because of the seasonal variation of soil temperature and moisture, the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 on soil nematodes was only observed under favorable conditions. The response of nematode communities to elevated atmospheric CO2 may indicate the change of soil food web.     

An approach to the fluctuation mechanism of ecotone

In this paper,the relationship among land productivity,population pressure and the fluctuation mechanism of ecotone is analyzed,taking coumties and banners of southeast Inner Mongolia plateau as an example,which is the most fragile part in the farming and husbandry interleaving belt of north China due to its severe desertification degree and low level of economic development.The Cv for the total output value of agriculture decreases from southeast to northwest,with the same rule as which the overloading population cumulated distributes,and both indicators have close relation with the high linear coefficient of 0.83.These reveal the fluctuation mechanism for ecotone:fluctuation of the level of economic development is a scientific and practical measure both to weakness degree and to instability of ecotone,because it is a synthesized response to the variation of climate as well as irrational land uses,which reinforce and magnify the fluctuation.In detail,the heavier the population overloading,the severer the grassland reclamation,the stronger the dependence of regional productivity on rainfall,the lower the level of economic development,the rougher the fluctuation of ecotone,but the weaker the PRED system.     

UASB-BIOFOR滤池组合工艺处理柠檬酸废水的中试研究

采用UASB-BIOFOR滤池组合工艺处理柠檬酸废水,对其中的操作步骤及注意事项进行了详细介绍.实验结果表明,该组合工艺对柠檬酸废水处理效果良好,系统出水能够达到GB 8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》中的一级标准.     

车内空气挥发性有机物污染水平调查

随着汽车量的增长,车内空气污染造成的纠纷越来越多。在此,通过对106辆汽车内部空气的分析测试表明,车内空气污染严重。其主要成分是甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、乙苯、苯乙烯等可挥发性有机物,其中甲苯和二甲苯为首要污染物。     

生物传感器快速测定BOD在海洋监测中的应用

选用一株耐高渗透压的酵母菌种作为敏感材料可以实现BOD的快速测定。采用海藻酸钙包埋法和聚乙烯醇包埋法两种细胞固定化方法并进行了比较。就聚乙烯醇固定化微生物进行了渗稼压和重金属离子影响的研究。     

固化法处理废干电池

介绍了电池的历史及其生产的现状、排废特征 ;简述了废旧干电池对环境的危害及其回收处理工艺和经济环境效益 ;结合金霸王 (中国 )有限公司废干电池的特点和电池废料的处理现状 ,对其采用固化法处理 ,然后进行渗漏试验并作出结果分析和评述 ;最后对废干电池的回收处理提出建议。     

Sensitized effect of β-cyclodextrin on the fluorescence in the determination of carbaryl

Based on the significant enhancement of fluorescence intensity of carbaryl in inclusion complex, a spetrofluorimetdc method with high sensitivity was developed for the determination of carbaryl in aqueous solution. Under the optimum conditions, the complex had excitation and emission maxima at 278 nm and 332 nm, respectively. The linear range of the method was 7.0 ng/ml-1500 ng/ml with a detection limit of 1.2 ng/ml. The proposed method was successfully used to determine quantitativelv of carbarvl in cottonseeds.