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991.
Mark A. Harwell John F. Long Ann M. Bartuska John H. Gentile Christine C. Harwell Victoria Myers John C. Ogden 《Environmental management》1996,20(4):497-521
The ecosystems of South Florida are unique in the world. The defining features of the natural Everglades (large spatial scale, temporal patterns of water storage and sheetflow, and low nutrient levels) historically allowed a mosaic of habitats with characteristic animals. Massive hydrological alterations have halved the Everglades, and ecological sustainability requires fundamental changes in management.The US Man and the Biosphere Human-Dominated Systems Directorate is conducting a case study of South Florida using ecosystem management as a framework for exploring options for mutually dependent sustainability of society and the environment. A new methodology was developed to specify sustainability goals, characterize human factors affecting the ecosystem, and conduct scenario/consequence analyses to examine ecological and societal implications. South Florida has sufficient water for urban, agricultural, and ecological needs, but most water drains to the sea through the system of canals; thus, the issue is not competition for resources but storage and management of water. The goal is to reestablish the natural system for water quantity, timing, and distribution over a sufficient area to restore the essence of the Everglades.The societal sustainability in the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) is at risk because of soil degradation, vulnerability of sugar price supports, policies affecting Cuban sugar imports, and political/economic forces aligned against sugar production. One scenario suggested using the EAA for water storage while under private sugar production, thereby linking sustainability of the ecological system with societal sustainability. Further analyses are needed, but the US MAB project suggests achieving ecological sustainability consistent with societal sustainability may be feasible. 相似文献
992.
993.
David H. Kiel 《环境质量管理》1996,6(2):31-42
There is some concern in the environmental quality management (EQM) community that small and mid-sized companies do not have the technical, economic, and personnel resources or expertise to carry out significant programs of pollution prevention or waste reduction in the way that large corporations do. Thus, a very significant proportion of the economy may not be contributing to or benefiting from EQM approaches. This article begins to clarify what small and mid-sized companies that are committed to EQM can actually do and how this compares with the efforts of larger plants or plants operated as part of large multiplant corporations. 相似文献
994.
995.
ABSTRACT: There are a large number of conceptual hydrological models available today. It is not easy to immediately identify the similarities and differences between the different models. The Swedish HBV model and the Chinese Xinanjiang model are two examples of conceptual, semi-distributed, rainfall-runoff models. The Xinanjiang model was designed for use in humid and semi-humid regions, with no routine for the snowmelt runoff, whereas the snow routine is an important part of the HBV model in many applications. The model structures of the two models may be described in four routines, compared in this paper. The integral structures of them are similar, but there are some differences, especially in the runoff production routine. The physical significance and physical definitions of some model parameters were analyzed. Both models were tested in two basins. Both models gave similar results, and both models performed well in the application. The similarity of the results obtained by different model structures leads to the following two conclusions. First, more effort should probably be spent on the improvement of input data quality and coverage than on the development of more detailed model structures only. Second, inference about basin behavior and characteristics from the values of calibrated model parameters must be made with great caution. 相似文献
996.
用灰色模型预测我国铁路水害发展趋势 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据近15a来我国铁路水害年断道时间和断道次数的数据特点,将不同程度水害年分为三个等级。在此基础上,建立了铁路水害的灰色预测模型。并用此模型预测了近期铁路水害大小和远期的发展趋势。这对于我国铁路水害防治的宏观决策具有指导意义。 相似文献
997.
土氡测量在地质灾害勘测中的干扰实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对土氡勘测中来自测量过程、勘测场地条件、气象因素方面的常见干扰进行了实验研究,探讨了干扰机理,指出了定性及部分定量排除干扰的方法。 相似文献
998.
北京地区15000年以来环境变迁中灾害性气候突变事件的讨论 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
通过高分辨率孢粉分析及烧失量、炭屑实验结果的统计分析,结合14C、古地磁等,对北京房山东甘池15000a以来植被变化和环境变迁进行了较为深入的研究,特别强调气候变化的灾害性突变事件。初步得知约在14100~14000aB.P.前后曾出现与哥得堡反转相对应的事件,在10000aB.P.左右出现类似与新仙女木事件相对应的事件,在大约5770aB.P.和4560aB.P.左右及2850~2650aB.P.出现了大暖期的突然降温事件。 相似文献
999.
人为泥石流灾害严重等级的定量模糊综合评判 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
根据神府-东胜矿区人为泥石流的调查分析,选择15个因素(含5个主控因素)作为其严重程度的评价因子,确定了四值逻辑(严、中、轻、否)评判的定量标准。应用模糊综合评判和分层定量模糊综合评判两种方法对该煤田65条泥石流沟的严重等级进行综合判别,准确性达93.1%,它为保护该地煤田建设和工农业生产提供了重要的科学依据。 相似文献
1000.
Liang Chen Syed H. Imam Sherald H. Gordon Richard V. Greene 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1997,5(2):111-117
Starch-PVOH cast films were prepared with and without crosslinking agent (hexamethoxymethylmelamine) in the absence of plasticizer.
Moisture absorption in films without crosslinking agent at a low relative humidity was similar to that of PVOH and increased
as the relative humidity increased. Films with crosslinking agent showed moisture absorption linearly proportional to the
relative humidity. Significant improvement in resistance to water disintegration for crosslinked starch-PVOH films was observed.
While the tensile strength decreased with increased relative humidity, crosslinking significantly improved the tensile strength.
Increased PVOH content improved elongation of films even when the relative humidity was 80% or higher. Biodegradation studies
revealed that the degradation rate was negatively correlated with the PVOH content in films and crosslinking generated more
converged degradation curves.
Names are necessary to report factually on available data; however, the USDA neither guarantees nor warrants the standard
of the product, and the use of the name by USDA implies no approval of the product to the exclusion of others that may also
be suitable. 相似文献