Technological innovation paths toward green industry in China

With the environmental carrying capacity reaching its limits and the decreasing margin benefits of traditional production factors, the green transformation and green development through technological innovations has been a major direction for the future development of Chinese industries. However, the characteristics and heterogeneities of various types of industries call for different approaches regarding technological innovations. How to choose the most effective mode of technological innovation according to the characteristics of a certain industry has been a key issue. This paper measures the green total factor productivity of 32 industrial trades using the Slacks Based Measure(SBM)-DDF method. The effects of three innovation modes in the green transformation of industrial industry, including the independent innovation(Ⅱ), the technology introduction(TI), and the government support(GS), are empirically analyzed based on industry heterogeneity. Results indicate that the green total factor productivities of different industries show significant differences if taking into account the energy input and the undesirable output of pollutant emissions. The green total factor productivities of traditional high input,high pollution, and high energy consumption industrial trades were significantly lower than those with obvious green features. The year of 2009 is a leap year for the industrial green transformation in China. For resource-intensive industries, the II and the GS are the important ways to achieve green transformation. For labor-intensive industries, the TI is the best path to achieve green transformation, while for technology-intensive industries, the II is the primary driving force for the promotion of green developments. In addition, the innovation-compensating effect of the current Chinese environmental regulations to the resource-intensive industries has been revealed. Improving the overall scale and the industrial concentration of the industries is also beneficial for the green transformation of the industries.     

Effects of Topographical Heterogeneity and Dispersal Limitation on Species Turnover in a Temperate Mountane Ecosystem: a Case Study in the Henan Province,China

Species turnover patterns can be inconsistent due to differences in the dispersal ability of different growth forms. Here, species of trees, shrubs, herbs, and bryophytes in the Xiaoqinling National Nature Reserve in China were analyzed to determine patterns of species turnover along an elevation and spatial gradient. Variance partitioning was used to assess the relative contribution of topographic heterogeneity and dispersal limitation to species turnover. Our results suggest that the effect of dispersal limitation is more important than topographic heterogeneity on species turnover in temperate mountane ecosystems in the study area. Dispersal limitation has a greater effect on trees species turnover than on shrubs, herbs or bryophytes species turnover.     

中国山地分区及其开发方向的初步意见

我国山地约占全国土地总面积的三分之二,这是我国土地构成中一个显著的特点。这一特点,决定了我国宜农的土地少,且后备资源不足;而林牧业和多种经营前途广阔。 从生产角度来看,山区的开发、整治是和山地的邻近地区不可分割的。因此,这里称之为山区的应是自然、社会、经济等复杂的地域综合。     

Determination and discussion hydraulic retention time in membrane bioreactor system

Based on the microorganism kinetic model, the formula for computing hydraulic retention time in a membrane bioreactor system (MBR) is derived. With considering HRT as an evaluation index a combinational approach was used to discuss factors which have an effect on MBR. As a result, the influencing factors were listed in order from strength to weakness as: maximum specific removal rate K, saturation constant Ks, maintenance coefficient m, maximum specific growth rate ,ua and observed yield coefficient Yobs. Moreover, the formula was simplified, whose parameters were experimentally determined in petrochemical wastewater treatment. The simplified formula is θ= 1.1( 1/β -1)(Kｓ S)/KXo , for oetroehemical wastewater treatment K and Ko eaualed 0.185 and 154.2, resoectively.     

基于统计方法的辽东湾沉积物中多环芳烃来源特征分析

为研究辽东湾表层沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的来源特征,2014年5月采集了20个辽东湾海域表层沉积物样品,并利用气相色谱质谱联用仪对优先控制的16种PAHs进行测定,采用聚类分析、主成分分析-多元线性回归分析、异构体比值3种统计方法对辽东湾表层沉积物中PAHs来源特征进行了研究。结果表明,辽东湾表层沉积物中PAHs含量范围88.5~199.3 ng·g-1,平均值为(126.3±35.3)ng·g-1,其中,萘、菲和荧蒽是PAHs优势组分。通过统计分析结果表明,辽东湾北部表层沉积物中PAHs含量低于西南部,沉积物中PAHs的来源包括石油燃烧来源、煤炭、木材等生物质燃烧来源和石油来源,其中燃烧来源是主要来源,煤炭、木材等生物质燃烧来源占49.9%,石油燃烧来源和石油来源占50.1%。     

鲢鱼放养控制北京城市河湖水华试验研究

介绍了利用鲢鱼控制北京城市河湖水华的试验研究,通过不同放养密度(0、17、51和103 g/m3)的现场围隔试验,对鲢鱼放养对水体水质和浮游生物的影响进行了分析.研究结果表明,鲢鱼放养使有鱼围隔中浮游生物量极低,从而使浮游植物基本不受浮游动物影响,而直接受鱼类影响;同时,中等密度(51 g/m3)的鲢鱼放养使水华蓝藻和微小藻的生长均得到了有效抑制,使藻类生物量最低.     

土壤-纳滤系统处理再生水补充地下水的研究

为充分保障再生水回灌地下时的水质安全、提供高质量地下水资源,在土壤处理系统中嵌入纳滤技术强化对再生水的处理效果,并初步探讨土壤系统作为前处理对纳滤膜污染的控制机理.结果表明,未采用臭氧氧化预处理前,土壤处理对再生水DOC和UV254的平均去除率分别为22%和20%.臭氧氧化对UV254的平均去除率为51%,并将土壤对D...     

粉末活性炭对三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯的吸附性能简

用静态吸附法考察粉末活性炭对水中三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯（CAIC）的吸附行为,采用单因素分析法对活性炭吸附化工废水中TAIC的工艺条件进行研究。实验结果表明,在TAIC模拟废水中,其TAIC初始浓度为800 mg/L,pH为7,在温度为298 K、转速为150 r/min的条件下,当活性炭的投加量达到4.4 g/L,吸附反应时间为50 min时,TAIC的去除效率最高为96.17%;对于实际废水,其TAIC初始浓度为1 500 mg/L,溶液pH为3,在温度为298 K、转速为150 r/min的条件下,当活性炭投加量达到10 g/L,吸附反应时间为2 h时,TAIC的去除效率最高为46.8%。这也是由于实际废水组分复杂,其他有机物存在一定的吸附竞争机制。     

表观遗传学机制与空气污染的健康效应

空气污染是一个全球性的问题,并且具有深远的环境影响。暴露于空气污染会对人体健康产生许多不同的影响,理解空气污染的健康效应又是一个复杂命题,既要考虑不同类型的污染物同时也要考虑相关疾病的复杂性。然而越来越多的研究表明,表观遗传学在空气污染相关疾病的发生、发展中发挥着重要的作用。空气污染物可引起DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰和miRNA表达等表观遗传学改变,这种改变往往发生在疾病产生的早期,因此相关研究不仅可以了解疾病的发病机制,而且还为疾病早期诊断和预防筛选可能的标志物。本文综述了表观遗传学的几种修饰方式和空气污染物造成不良健康损伤机制的一些研究进展。     

南京市蔬菜中滴滴涕和六六六的残留及摄食暴露分析

为研究有机氯农药在食物中的残留及人群的摄食暴露,在2015年5月采集了南京市居民普遍食用的10种蔬菜,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)进行检测。研究表明滴滴涕(DDTs)和六六六(HCHs)在蔬菜中均有检出,∑DDTs的残留量为1.78~5.29 ng·g~(-1),∑HCHs的残留量为0.21~4.77 ng·g~(-1),其中∑10OCPs(有机氯农药)含量最高的蔬菜是藕(10.07 ng·g~(-1)),含量最低的是青菜(2.32 ng·g~(-1))。通过来源分析发现,蔬菜中DDTs可能有新的输入,而HCHs则主要源于历史残留。通过对不同人群的每日摄取量(EDI)进行摄食暴露分析发现,儿童的摄食暴露量要高于同性别其他年龄段人群,在儿童和未成年阶段,男性的暴露量普遍高于女性,而在成年和老年阶段,男性的暴露量低于女性。平均而言,各年龄段人群对γ-HCH和DDTs的日均口摄暴露量(EDI)值远低于联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织(FAO/WHO)所规定的ADI值,表明在目前蔬菜消费量下,南京市居民通过摄入蔬菜引起的健康风险水平较低。